Magnetism

Question 1

Types of magnetic materials

Answer 1

1. Diamagnetic material
2. Paramagnetic material
3. Ferromagnetic material
4. Antiferromagnetic material
5. Ferrimagnetic material

Question 2

Diamagnetic material properties

Answer 2

1. They do not have unpaired electrons in their orbital.
2. An external magnetic field will induce a very small magnetic moment in the opposite direction to the apply field.
3. This causes a weak repulsion.
4. This induced it magnetic moment will go away once the external magnetic field is removed.
5. Diamagnetism is not dependent on temperature.
   Examples: Noble gases, copper, silver, gold, bismuth, silicon, phosphorus, boron, water, organic compounds, diamond, mercury, and lead.

Question 3

Paramagnetic materials

Answer 3

1. They have some unpaired electrons in their orbitals.
2. An external magnetic field will induce a temporary magnetic moment aligned with the direction of the external magnetic field.
3. This magnetic moment will go away once the external magnetic field is removed.
4. Paramagnetic materials weakly attracted by a magnet.
5. Paramagnetism is affected by temperature and as temperature increases, the magnetic susceptibility decreases.
   Examples: aluminum, platinum, manganese, chromium, molecular oxygen, palladium, tungsten, sodium, and lithium.

Question 4

Ferromagnetic materials

Answer 4

1. Ferromagnetic materials can be permanently magnetized.
2. An external magnetic field will induce the magnetic moments inside ferromagnetic materials to align with the external magnetic field.
3. They can also be spontaneously magnetized without an external magnetic field.
4. Ferromagnetism is dependent on temperature.
   Curie temperature is the temperature above which the material loses it’s stronger ferromagnetic properties and become paramagnetic.
   Examples: iron, nickel, cobalt, steel.

Question 5

Lorentz law

Answer 5

F = qvB
F = ILB