Major #1 Review Flashcards
(114 cards)
0
Q
Definition of Ethics
A
Ethics - A set of values in society that differentiates right from wrong
1
Q
Definition of assault on a PT is
A
To create in another person a fear of immediate bodily harm or invasion of bodily security
2
Q
Advanced directive is ….
A
A written document or legal statement that expresses the wants, needs, and desires of a patient in reference to the futer medical care.
Living will
DNR
Organ donation
2
Q
Definition of Ethics
A
The ….
3
Q
What is not required to prove negligence
A
Breach of duty
Duty to act
4
Q
Liable definition
A
Making a false statement in written forum that injures a persons good name
5
Q
Defamation deffenition
A
Intentionally making a false statement, through written or verbal communication, witch injures a persons good name or reputation.
6
Q
If a Pt makes a choice and the medic does not agree with it.
What should the medic do?
A
Try to convince the PT
7
Q
The most inferior portion of the heart is called the ________
A
Apex
8
Q
Witch of the following statements regarding type O blood is correct
A
It contains no surface antigens
9
Q
The upper section of the sternum is called the ________
A
Manubrium
10
Q
The body’s ability to spontaneously cease bleeding is called
A
Hemostasis
11
Q
The ongoing process by witch red blood cells are made is called
A
Erythropoiesis
12
Q
When oxygen levels are low or absent the cells revert to a process of
A
Anaerobic metabolism
13
Q
Which types of valves are the Aortic and Pulmonary valves?
A
Semi Lunar
14
Q
The thick fibrous mucus that surrounds the heart is called the
A
Pericardium
15
Q
Approximately two thirds of the heart muscle lyse within the thoracic cavity called the
A
Mediastinum
16
Q
The substances that contain all the cellular content between the cell-membrane and the nucleus is called the ________
A
Cytoplasm
17
Q
Witch of the following structures comprise different types of tissues that work together to preformed a particular function
A
Organs
18
Q
What type of tissue covers and lines internal organs
A
Epithelium
19
Q
The most important nerve of the cervical plexus witch innervates the diaphragm is the
A
Phrenic Nerve
20
Q
During your assessment of the PT you notice he is bradycardic, hypertensive, and salivating. These clinical findings suggest.
A
Parasympathetic Nerves System Stimulation
21
Q
Decrease in the PAC c02 results ________ pH levels in the respiratory center and ________in ventilation.
A
Increase pH levels
Decrease ventilations
22
Q
During your assessment of a trauma PT you note the presence of by lateral femur fractures. This means that ________
A
Both femurs are broken.
23
In a pregnant PT the secretion of oxytocin courses_______
Uterine smooth muscle contractions
24
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves arise from the ________
Autonomic NS
25
Movement of an extremity towards the midline of the body if called _______
Addiction
26
The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer to the midline is _________
Medial
27
Substances that release ions when dissolve in water are called __________
Electrolytes
28
The most common solvent in the body in witch solute and other substances will dissolve is _________
Water
29
Compared to the frontal region of the skull the oxipitus is ___________
Posterior
30
Insulin and glucose are produced in specialized groups of cells in the pancreas known as the _______
Islets of Langerhide
31
A PT is found to have high blood sugar levels.
| What is the cause of this?
Deficient insulin levels in the body
32
All of the following are formed components of blood except...
Plasma
33
The mid rain pawns and medulla oblongata collectively forum the ________
Brain stem
34
Witch parasystolic response occurs when a person looses blood
Vessel contraction and myocardial contractility increases
35
T/F The sweat gland is an endocrine gland
False
36
The average total body waters contained in a adult is
60%
37
Topographically the term distal means _________
Away from the trunk of the body
38
T/F Smooth muscles are NOT voluntary
True
39
Pt's with __________ are at significant risk for toxic affects of medications or metabolic waist products in the body.
Renal Failure
40
In witch of the following situations would the paramedic most likely administer a drug via the rectal rout?
Seizure termination
41
The paramedic may be called upon to administer platelets to PT's with a ___________
Thrombocytopenia
| A reduction in the number of platelets
42
Decreased efficacy or potency of a medication when taken repeatedly by a PT is called
Tolerance
43
In order to course a negative inotropic effect on the heart you have to administer a _______
Beta 1 adrenergic antagonist
44
Under normal conditions the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system functions by
Promoting vasoconstriction and fluid retention in response to hypotension and hypovolemia
45
A unit of packed red blood cells contains approximately _____ to______ml of concentrated red blood cells
225ml to 250ml
46
The rectal rout is preferred over the oral route for certain emergencies because ______
The rectal medication are usually not subject to first pass metabolism
47
Cross tolerance to medication occurs when______
A process in witch repeated exposure to a medication within a particular class causes a tolerance that may be "transferred" to other medication in the same class.
48
In up to 1/3 of all PT's morphine sulfate causes
N/V
49
Alkalinizing agents are used to _______ the pH
increase
50
From which of the following condition may a PT be prescribed furosemide
Kidney dysfunction
51
The physical emotional or behavioral need of a medication in order to maintain a certain level of normal function is called _______
Dependence
52
The % of a unchanged medication that reaches the systemic circulation is referred to as
Bio availability
53
Which of the following medications is a derivative from a plant source?
Digoxin
54
T/F Atropine is a endogenous catocholamine?
False
55
In general alpha adrenergic
Lowers BP
56
The desired clinical effect after administering a Beta 2 agonist medication is
Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles
57
A medication that has a narrow therapeutic index ____
Can be given but not without close PT monitoring.
58
Cathacolamines and Sympathomimetic medications should be given with caution because they can
Increase cardiac work load and myocardial oxygen demand
59
Ace inhibitor medication lower blood pressure by
Blocking the conversion of angeotensin 1 to angeotensin 2
60
A drug that poses the same desired clinical effect in several small doses as it does in a signal large dose has demonstrated
A cumulative action
61
When the paramedic administers a medication via the IV route
He or she has the ability to titrate the medication carefully in a rapidly evolving clinical situation
62
If unmatched blood is administer in the prehospital setting, it will almost always be
O-
63
A PT receives several doses of the same drug within a short period of time, after which point the medication does not relive his symptoms, which of the following has most likely occurred.
Tachyphylaxis
64
Fentenal is the preferred OPA of analgesic for PT's in critical or unstable conditions because
It is not as prone to causing hypotension.
65
Toxic effects of beta blockers include all of the following except
Tachycardia
66
Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that
Breaks down acetylcholine
67
A medication that initiated or alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor cites and prompting a cell response is said to be an
Agonist
68
Which of the following medications causes an immune mediation response
Penicillin
69
Physiologic effects of nitro when given to PT's with chest pain
Decreased preload in coronary vasodilation
70
Calcium chloride or calcium glucagon may mitigate hypotension or bradycardia following a overdose of
Diltiazem
71
What is the mechanism of action of anticoagulation medication
Prevents new clot formation
72
Narcotic analgesic relive pain by
Stimulation opioid receptors
73
The therapeutic index of a medication is defined as
The difference between the medium effective dose and medium toxic dose.
74
Medication first passes metabolism in the
Liver
75
When administering narcan to a PT who overdosed on a opioid, it is important for the paramedic to remember
The duration of the medication is less then that of the opioid
76
Witch of the following structures contained epithelial cells that create a continues barrier to medical extortion
Urinary tract
77
Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors results in
Vaso constriction
78
According to the term drop hypothesis
Mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years presiding death
79
Vascular compensation for changes in blood pressure decreases with age to
Reduced elasticity of peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen
80
Foreign material such as bacteria and other micro organisms are engulfed and distorted by
Phagocytes
81
PT's between 41 and 60 years of age are least susceptible to
Acute immunosuppression
82
The decline in cardiac function associated with aging is largely related to
Atherosclerosis
83
Renin is a protein that is released into the blood stream by the
Kidneys in response to changes in blood pressure
84
Which of the following statements regarding growth spears in adolescence is correct
Boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life then girls
85
Witch of the following factors typically does not affect the vital signs of a 65 yo PT
Living conditions
86
Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers then in infants because
Of a loss in passive immunity
87
A pulse rate for a 16 yo adolescent topically reneges between
60 and 100 beats/min
88
In late adults the size of the airway ________ and the surface area of the avioli ________
Increases
| Decreases
89
Distributive shock occurs when
Blood pools in expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion is decreased.
90
Non striated muscle is also called
Smooth muscle
91
How does the body respond to hypoperfusion
Catocholamine release and increase systemic vascular resistance
92
Infants are referred to as belly breathers because
They rely on there diaphragm to breath
93
Apoptosis is referred to as
Normal cell death
94
Baroreceptors witch are located in the coronary arteries, aorta, and kidneys are most susceptible to changes in
Blood pressure
95
Witch of the following statements regarding middle aged adults is correct
Middle aged adults view a crisis as a challenge to be overcome rather then a threat to be avoided
96
PT's who overdose on heroin and has shallow respirations would most likely be experiencing
Increased CO2 retention
97
Plasma comprises approximately ____% of whole blood
55%
98
What type of shock occurs when blood flows become blocked in the heart or in the great vessels
Obstructive
99
Gout is a condition in witch
Uric acid accumulates in blood
100
In general normal psychosocial factors that affects the life of a 35 yo person include all EXEPT
Anxiety
101
Groups of cells forum
Tissue
102
PT's with type 1 diabetes need
Insulin to survive
103
Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is
Striated involuntary
104
Unlike bacteria, viruses
Do not produce exotoxins or endotoxins
105
At birth the pulse rate of up to ____ and a respiratory rate of ____ is considered normal
180
| 60
106
All of the following are endocrine hormones except
Histamine
107
Homeostasis is most accurately defined as
A constant effort to preserve a degree of stability or equilibrium
108
When oxygen does not reach the cell, the cell reverts to
Anaerobic metabolism, and produces lactic acid
109
Which of the following statements regarding renal function in older adults is correct
Aging kidneys respond less effectively it hemodynamics stress
110
Acidosis is characterized by a increase in hypotension and hydrogen ions and a
Decrease in pH
111
In most infants the primary way of communicating distress is
Crying
112
The most prevalent cations of the extra cellular fluid is
Sodium
#35 Q5
