Major cell organelles-LEC6

Question 1

When did Eukaryote cells first appear?

Answer 1

2000mya
-O2 concentration in atmosphere increases
to approx 20%

Question 2

Endosymbiotic theory

Answer 2

Margulis proposed that the newly formed cells would phagocytose and digest other cells in their environment. Symbiosis is an association between two organisms in which both organisms gain benefits, usually a long-term selective advantage

Question 3

Evidence for endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 3

1. Size of Mitochondria / chloroplasts vs prokaryotic cells
2. Mitochondria / chloroplasts / prokaryotic cells have circular DNA
3. Mitochondria / chloroplasts have ribosomes and synthesise some proteins
4. Protein synthesis inhibitors – affect Mitochondria / chloroplasts / prokaryotic cells.
5. Mitochondria / chloroplasts / prokaryotic cells have similar membrane composition (double membrane)

Question 4

what are peroxisomes

Answer 4

• vesicles containing degradative enzymes

- neutralisation of toxic compounds

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

produces 95% of ATP required by the cell

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

• nuclear envelope
• nuclear pores
• chromatin

Question 7

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

• Lacks ribosomes
• Lipid synthesis
• Steroid synthesis
• Carbohydrate metabolism
• Drug detoxification

Question 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

• Ribosomes on cytoplasmic membrane surface
• Protein synthesis
• Membrane synthesis

Question 9

MPS VI Short Stature and Flexed-Knee Stance

Answer 9

MPS patients exhibit poor exercise capacity, probably from a variety of causes, including cardiopulmonary involvement, respiratory compromise, and musculoskeletal constraints

Question 10

Hunter syndrome MPS II

Answer 10

It interferes with the body’s ability to break down and recycle specific mucopolysaccharides, also known as glycosaminoglycans or GAG. Hunter’s syndrome is one of several related lysosomal storage diseases.