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x- Immunology MICR 3230 > Major Histocompatibility Complex/ Antigen Presentation > Flashcards

Major Histocompatibility Complex/ Antigen Presentation Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What cells only recognize antigens presented on the surface of other cells?

A

T-cells

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2
Q

How are antigens presented on the surface of cells?

A

MHC molecule

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3
Q

Do BCRs/ antibodies need antigen presented on MHC to be recognized?

A

no- can interact with free-floating antigen
- unlike T-cells, need bound

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4
Q

How are T-cells presented with antigens?

A

MHC

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5
Q

What binds to the MHC molecule inside cell?

A

antigen

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6
Q

How is antigen presented on MHC cell surface?

A

digestion/ complex transported

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7
Q

What are professional APC’s?

A

Dendritic cells
Macrophages

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8
Q

What act as “cell surface vessels”?

A

MHC molecules

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9
Q

Where is antigen binding to MHC molecules generated?

A

inside cell

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10
Q

What hold/ display fragments of antigen so T-cells can interact with their TCRs?

A

MHC (cell surface vessel)

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11
Q

How are MHC genes spread within the population?

A

alleles inherited
-contribute to individual response to infection/ disease susceptibility/ autoimmunity development

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12
Q

How do MHC molecules attach to cell membrane?

A

transmembrane segment- stability

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13
Q

What are the 2 classes of MHC molecules?

A

MHC I
MHC II

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14
Q

Where on the MHC does the antigen bind?

A

Peptide-binding groove

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15
Q

How many transmembrane domains does MHC class I molecule have?

A

1

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16
Q

How many transmembrane domains does MHC class II domain have?

A

2

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17
Q

What MHC molecule has 3 alpha domains and
1 B-microglobulin domain?

A

MHC I

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18
Q

What MHC molecule has a narrow/ shallow peptide binding groove?

A

MHC I

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19
Q

What MHC molecule is involved in self-peptide recognition?

A

MHC I

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20
Q

What MHC molecule is constitutively expressed?
(always expressed- screening)

A

MHC I

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21
Q

What MHC molecule is associated with 2 globulin structures (1 alpha/ 1 beta side) ?

A

MHC II
B1+B2 / a1+a2

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22
Q

What MHC molecule has a deep peptide binding groove (goes all way through)?

A

MHC II

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23
Q

What term describes peptide/ antigen binding?

A

variable

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24
Q

How many different peptides can an MHC molecule bind?

A

numerous

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25
What makes up the MHC I peptide-binding domain?
a1/a2
26
What makes up the MHC II peptide-binding domain?
a1/B1
27
What MHC molecule is closed at both ends (shorter)?
MHC I
28
What MHC molecule is open at both ends?
MHC II
29
What MHC molecule do larger peptides bind to?
MHC II
30
What T cell does MHC class I present peptides to?
CD8+
31
Why does MHC I bind peptides from intracellular sources?
recognizes self-antigens/ peptides
32
How long are the peptides bound to MHC I?
8-10 AA
33
What are the specific amino acids at key locations in MHC I bound peptide?
Anchor residues
34
What T cell does MHC class II present peptides to?
CD4+
35
What peptides does MHC II bind?
extracellular/ variety
36
How long are the peptides bound to MHC II?
13-18 AA
37
Peptides bound to which MHC class are less conserved?- greater variability (sequence/ length)
MHC II
38
What are other names for MHC?
HLA = human leukocyte antigen H2 =mice
39
What AA are the same/ specific between all MHC class I proteins?
anchor point = anchor residues
40
What is a common problem for antigens/ receptors?
bind wide variety antigens with strong affinity
41
What 2 combinations allow MHC molecules to bind an antigen?
Peptide-binding promiscuity expression of different MHC variants on each cell
42
Why are MHC variants/ peptide-binding promiscuity important?
maximize recognition of different epitopes of antigen
43
What are parts of antigen that are recognized?
Epitopes
44
What are the 3 classes MHC genes are organized into?
I/ II/ III
45
What are the 2 kinds of MHC genes?
Classical Non-classical
46
What MHC classes are classical?
I/ II
47
What MHC classes are non-classical?
III
48
Why are MHC class III genes non-classical?
no direct role in presenting antigens to T cells - indirect immune functions
49
What MHC molecule is associated with cytotoxic T cells?
MHC I = CD8 = cytotoxic T
50
What MHC molecule is associated with helper T cells?
MHC II = CD4 = T helper
51
Where are the glycoproteins of MHC I expressed?
surface of nucleated cells (neutrophils/ platelets)
52
Where are the glycoproteins of MHC II expressed?
surface of APCs = dendritic cells/ macrophages
53
What MHC molecule is primarily present on exogenous/ extracellular peptides/ antigens?
MHC II
54
What MHC classes are glycoproteins?
I/ II = glycoproteins III = diverse set proteins
55
What are immune functions of MHC class III?
encode complement proteins- C4/C2/ factor B inflammatory cytokines - TNF
56
What are 2 consequences of disruption to MHC III?
susceptibility to infectious diseases autoimmune diseases (chrohns/ MS) - constant/overproduction inflammatory cytokines
57
What is the term when many alternate forms of each gene are in a population?
Polymorphic
58
What is the term for alternate forms of genes?
Alleles
59
What is the inherited set of linked alleles termed?
Haplotype
60
How is a set of MHC genes inherited?
set alleles inherited as 1 unit, from each parent = Haplotype
61
Why is there not a lot of MHC gene recombination?
tightly linked
62
What 2 terms describes MHC genes?
highly polymorphic tightly linked
63
How are MHC molecules expressed?
Co-dominantly
64
What is it when both maternal/ paternal haplotypes are expressed at same time?
Co-dominance
65
What allows a cell to present a large # of different peptides?
expression of different MHC I molecules - each different binding affinities
66
How many MHC I molecules are there?
6
67
How many MHC II molecules are there?
12
68
What is the term for containing multiple genes with the same function but slightly different structures?
Polygenic
69
How are host cells displayed as healthy?
self MHC I/ self-peptide display
70
How can a foreign protein show host cell is infected? MHC I
MHC I peptide display- activate T-cytotoxic cells
71
How can a foreign protein show host cell is infected? MHC II
MHC II peptide display- activate T-helper cells
72
How are T cells tested?
MHC I/ II display self-peptides - test for autoreactivity
73
Where are t-cells tested for autoreactivity? (positive/ negative selection)
primary lymphoid organ = thymus
74
How is tolerance to self-proteins done in secondary lymphoid tissues?
display self peptide MHC I/ II
75
What MHC molecule is constitutively expressed?
MHC I
76
How/ where is MHC II expressed?
variable/ on limited cells (APC)
77
What is MHC II expression controlled by?
genetic regulatory components viral interference cytokine-mediated signalling
78
What effect does cytokine binding to receptors have on MHC II expression on APCs?
increases
79
What effect do genetic regulatory components have on MHC expression?
induce signal transduction cascades
80
What effect does viral interference have on antigen presentation via MHC I?
inhibit
81
When can CD4+/ CD8+ recognize an antigen?
only when presented in groove of MHC
82
What must match for recognition? (APC/ T cell)
MHC haplotype
83
What happens if you fix/ block MHC molecule on APC?
antigen can not bind/ no t cell recognition
84
What MHC is associated with endogenous antigens?
MHC I
85
How are endogenous antigens processed?
cytosolic/ endogenous pathway
86
How are exogenous antigens processed?
exogenous pathway
87
How are exogenous antigens presented on APC membrane?
MHC II
88
Where are endogenous antigens generated?
within cell
89
Where are exogenous cells generated/ taken up?
taken up from extracellular environment - via endocytosis
90
What is an example of MHC II antigen?
bacteria/ fungus
91
How are intracellular proteins degraded into peptides?
by proteosome
92
How are proteins tagged for degradation? (protein-peptide)
ibiquitin
93
What can activated infected cells temporarily express?
immunoproteosome
94
What proteins in the cytosolic protein pool are degraded by proteosomes?
those tagged by ibiquitin
95
What are the 3 steps in the endogenous pathway?
1. proteolytic cleavage by proteasome 2. peptide transport to cytosol to RER 3. chaperones aid peptide- assembly with MHC
96
What does MHC I present on?
nucleated cells- includes APCs
97
What are the steps in exogenous pathway?
1. receptor-mediated endocytosis 2. degradation to peptides 3. interaction between MHC II/ peptide 4. antigen presentation 4. interaction peptide/ MHC II
98
What is the term when an antigen acquired by exogenous pathway is redirected to endogenous pathway so peptides presented on MHC I?
cross-presentation
99
What are some non-peptide antigens?
small lipid containing antigens small molecules/metabolites
100
What is different in MHC I for non-peptide antigens?
peptide-binding groove CD1 protein class ex- MR1

x- Immunology MICR 3230 (11 decks)

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