Immune System Overview

Question 1

What is the state of protection against foreign pathogens?

Answer 1

Immunity

Question 2

What prepares the immune system to eradicate an infectious agent before it causes disease?

Answer 2

Vaccination

Question 3

What is the term for acquiring protective immunity in a critical mass of people? (vaccination/ infection recovery)

Answer 3

Herd Immunity

Question 4

What is the basis of herd immunity?

Answer 4

serves as buffer for others/ lowers rate of spread

Question 5

What kind of immunity combats pathogens via antibodies?

Answer 5

Humoral Immunity

Question 6

What cells/ lymphocytes produce antibodies?

Answer 6

B cells (humoral)

Question 7

What is an example of passive immunity?

Answer 7

infection > protection/ mother breastfeed to baby

Question 8

What is an example of active immunity?

Answer 8

Vaccination

Question 9

What kind of immunity relies on T cells?

Answer 9

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Question 10

What are passive/ active immunity both examples of?

Answer 10

Humoral Immunity

Question 11

What is the basis of cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 11

T cells

Question 12

How are B/T cell receptors generated?

Answer 12

Gene Segment Rearrangements - randomly

Question 13

Why are so many random B/T cell receptors generated?

Answer 13

so many potential antigens

Question 14

What happens when a B cell encounters an antigen?

Answer 14

produce an antibody specific to antigen

Question 15

What do T cell receptors do?

Answer 15

bind antigens/ peptides presented by APCs

Question 16

In the humoral response, what becomes the antibody-producing cell?

Answer 16

B- cell receptor

Question 17

What is the outcome of the cell-mediated/ T lymphocyte response?

Answer 17

cytokine secretion/ killing of infected cells

Question 18

What kind of immunity is the thymus associated with?

Answer 18

Cell-mediated (T)

Question 19

What kind of immunity is bone marrow associated with?

Answer 19

Humoral (B)

Question 20

What are the 4 major categories of pathogen?

Answer 20

viruses/ bacteria/ fungi/ parasites

Question 21

What is the difference between microbe/ pathogen?

Answer 21

pathogen= microbe that causes disease

Question 22

What are immune responses specific to?

Answer 22

organism type/ pathogen structure/ cellular location (intra/extra)

Question 23

What is the interaction between foreign organisms/ recognition molecules from host cells?

Answer 23

Pathogen Recognition

Question 24

What includes whole pathogens/ fragments/ products?

Answer 24

ligands

Question 25

What is the outcome of ligand binding?

Answer 25

immune response (pathogen labelling/ destruction)

Question 26

What kind of immunity is responsible to recognize/ kill/ engulf pathogens?

Answer 26

cellular

Question 27

What kind of immunity involves soluble proteins for labelling/ destruction of invaders?

Answer 27

humoral - antibodies

Question 28

What kind of molecules does immune system rely on?

Answer 28

recognition molecules

Question 29

What kind of recognition molecule is encoded in genomic DNA/ always expressed?

Answer 29

PRRs = Pattern Recognition Receptors

Question 30

What do PRRs bind to?

Answer 30

PAMPs = Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns

Question 31

What are generic molecules found on many pathogens?

Answer 31

PAMPs = pathogen associated molecular patterns

Question 32

Are PRR's generic molecules?

Answer 32

no- Pattern Recognition Receptors = specific

Question 33

Individual B/T cells have specificity for how many antigens?

Answer 33

1 single

Question 34

Why do B/T cells only have specificity for 1 single antigen?

Answer 34

each cell has many copies of the receptor

Question 35

What happens when a B/T cell interacts with its specific antigen?

Answer 35

Clonal Selection

Question 36

What happens when a B/T cell is selected upon antigen interaction?

Answer 36

it is selected/ becomes activated

Question 37

What is the result of B/T cell activation?

Answer 37

proliferation- large # of clones produced

Question 38

Why is deletion important in clonal selection?

Answer 38

bad receptors- bind weak/ attack host ext

Question 39

What is the problem with generating random receptors?

Answer 39

waste of energy- most unused

Question 40

What ensures the immune system avoids destroying host tissues?

Answer 40

Tolerance

Question 41

What is self/ non-self discrimination?

Answer 41

immune system avoids host tissues- tolerance

Question 42

Why is tolerance important?

Answer 42

random receptors generated could be anti-self

Question 43

How does tolerance help?

Answer 43

prevents anti-self molecules from circulating in bloodstream

Question 44

What prohibits an immune response to host tissues maintained through elimination/ cell inhibition?

Answer 44

self- tolerance