Major Minerals Part 1

Question 1

Who is at risk for chloride deficiency/toxicity?

Answer 1

those with chronic diarrhea or vomiting

Question 2

What are the symptoms of chloride deficiency?

Answer 2

convulsions

Question 3

What are good sources of chloride?

Answer 3

salt, processed foods, eggs, meat, seafood

Question 4

What are functions of chloride?

Answer 4

fluid balance, HCl in gastric juice

Question 5

Which does NOT lead to hypocalcemia?

Answer 5

hyperkalemia

Question 6

Which is a clinical indicator of both hypo and hyperkalemia?

Answer 6

cardiac arrhythemias

Question 7

All hypertensive patients would benefit from a reduced sodium diet. True or False?

Answer 7

true

Question 8

The average American does not meet their daily sodium requirement. True or False?

Answer 8

false

Question 9

Which mineral is utilized by kinases?

Answer 9

magnesium

Question 10

Magnesium deficiency may present as ____ while a toxicity may present as ____.

Answer 10

muscle weakness, slurred speech

Question 11

Where are you more likely to find magnesium and potassium?

Answer 11

plants

Question 12

Which mineral stabilizes ATP?

Answer 12

magnesium

Question 13

Who is at risk for potassium toxicity?

Answer 13

patients with kidney disease

Question 14

What are the symptoms for hyperkalemia?

Answer 14

cardiac arrythmias, cardiac arrest

Question 15

What are the symptoms for hypokalemia?

Answer 15

cardiac arrythmias, myopathy, irritability, mental confusion, glucose intolerance

Question 16

What are subclinical deficiency of potassium symptoms?

Answer 16

high blood pressure, increased urinary calcium excretion, abnormal bone turnover

Question 17

What are good sources of potassium?

Answer 17

banana, cantaloupe, papaya, dried fruit, avocado, milk, white and sweet potatoes, squash, corn

Question 18

What are functions of potassium?

Answer 18

fluid balance, Na/K ATPase pump, inhibits calcium excretion

Question 19

Who is most likely to have high blood pressure associated with too much sodium?

Answer 19

African Americans, obese, elderly

Question 20

Who are at risk for sodium toxicity?

Answer 20

elderly, kidney disease

Question 21

What are the symptoms of sodium toxicity?

Answer 21

HTN, hypocalcemia, osteoporosis and tetany

Question 22

What happens to calcium if there is too much sodium in the body?

Answer 22

there is an increase in calcium excretion

Question 23

Who is at risk of hyponatremia?

Answer 23

excessive sweaters, severe trauma

Question 24

What are the symptoms of hyponatremia?

Answer 24

muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, coma, seizures

Question 25

What are some good sources of sodium?

Answer 25

salt, processed or canned foods, condiments, cured meats, naturally found in meats, veggies and grains

Question 26

What are the steps of the active transport of sodium?

Answer 26

1. sodium binds carrier protein 2. compound binds carrier protein 3. carrier protein releases sodium and compound inside enterocyte 4. sodium is pumped out of enterocyte and potassium is pumped in using ATP

Question 27

What is the major cation in extracellular fluid?

Answer 27

sodium

Question 28

What are the functions of sodium?

Answer 28

fluid balance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction

Question 29

Who is at risk to get magnesium toxicity?

Answer 29

patients with kidney disease

Question 30

What are the symptoms of magnesium toxicity?

Answer 30

diarrhea, nausea, flushing, slurred speech, migraine

Question 31

What are subclinical signs of not getting enough magnesium?

Answer 31

migraines, asthma, dysmenorrhea, leg cramps, diabetes, osteoporosis, heart disease

Question 32

What are the symptoms of having a magnesium deficiency?

Answer 32

nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, tremors, personality changes, TETANY

Question 33

What are good sources of magnesium?

Answer 33

seeds, nuts, grains, legumes, dark leafy green veggies

Question 34

What are some functions of magnesium?

Answer 34

bone mineralization, cofactor, stabilizes ATP, muscle relaxer, vitamin D activation

Question 35

What is the 4th most abundant mineral in the body?

Answer 35

magnesium