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JTED: Social & Mental Health Tech > Major Theory/Theorist > Flashcards

Major Theory/Theorist Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Theory

A

Fact-based ideas that describe a phenomenon of human behavior; Based on a hypothesis and backed by evidence

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2
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of the human mind and behavior

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3
Q

Development

A

The progressive series of changes in structure, function, and behavior patterns that occur over the lifespan of a human being

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4
Q

Virtue

A

Admirable character trait

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5
Q

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

A
  • Considered the father of psychoanalysis
  • Greatly influenced the understanding of the unconscious mind and its role in shaping behavior
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6
Q

Sigmund Freud’s theory + key concepts

A

Psychoanalytic theory - Unconscious mind, Psychosexual development, Defense mechanisms

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7
Q

Freud’s Iceberg theory

A

Conscious mind - responsible for Thoughts/Perceptions
Preconscious mind - responsible for Memory Storage/Knowledge
Unconscious mind - responsible for Instincts/Fear/Selfish Motives

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8
Q

Albert Bandura (1925-2021)

A
  • Emphasized the importance of social factors in learning and behavior
  • Challenged behaviorism by introducing cognitive elements
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9
Q

Albert Bandura’s theory + key concepts

A

Social learning theory - Observational learning, modeling, self-efficacy

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10
Q

Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

A
  • Focused on the individual’s capacity for personal growth and self-actualization
  • Promoted a more positive and human-centered approach to psychology
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11
Q

Carl Roger’s theory + key concepts

A

?

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12
Q

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

A
  • Emphasized observable behavior and its relationship to consequences
  • Contributed to the behaviorist perspective in psychology
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13
Q

B.F Skinner’s theory + key concepts

A

Behaviorism - Operant conditioning, reinforcement, punishment

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14
Q

John B. Watson (1878-1958)

A
  • Considered the founder of behaviorism
  • Argued that psychology should focus on the study of observable behaviors rather than unobservable mental processes
  • Believed that behaviors could be understood through conditioning and environmental factors
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15
Q

John B. Watson’s theory + key concepts

A

Behaviorism - Observable behavior, stimulus-response associations

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16
Q

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

A
  • Research laid the foundation for the understanding of classical conditioning, demonstrating how behaviors could be learned through associations
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17
Q

Ivan Pavlov’s theory + key concepts

A

Classical conditioning - Conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, conditioned and unconditioned responses

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18
Q

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

A
  • Proposed a hierarchy of human needs
  • Suggested that individuals strive for self-actualization once their basic needs are met
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19
Q

Abraham Maslow’s theory + key concepts

A

Hierarchy of Needs - Self-actualization, Hierarchy of human needs

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20
Q

Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization

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21
Q

Physiological needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs)

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A

breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion

22
Q

Safety needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs)

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A

security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property

23
Q

Love/belonging needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs)

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A

friendship, family, sexual intimacy

24
Q

Esteem Needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)

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A

self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others

25
Self-actualization needs (Maslow's Hierarchy of needs)
morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts
26
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
- Focused on how children actively construct their understanding of the world - Influenced the field of developmental psychology
27
Jean Piaget's theory + key concepts
Cognitive Development theory - Stages of cognitive development
28
Stages of Piaget's Cognitive Development theory
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, Formal operational
29
Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)
0-2 years old - Coordination of senses with motor responses - Sensory curiosity about the world - Language used for demands and cataloging - Object permanence is developed
30
Preoperational Stage (Piaget)
2-7 years old - Symbolic thinking - Use of proper syntax and grammar to express concepts - Imagination and intuition are strong, but complex abstract thoughts are still difficult - Conservation is developed
31
Concrete operational stage (Piaget)
7-11 years old - Concepts attached to concrete situations (time, space, and quantity) are understood and can be applied, but not as independent concepts
32
Formal operational stage (Piaget)
11 years and older - Theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking - Abstract logic and reasoning - Strategy and planning become possible - Concepts learned in one context can be applied to another
33
Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
- Expanded on Freud's theories, emphasizing the importance of social and cultural influences on development throughout the lifespan
34
Erik Erikson's theory + key concepts
Psychosocial Development theory - Eight stages of psychosocial development
35
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Infancy
0-1 year old Basic Conflict: Trust vs. Mistrust Virtue: Hope
36
Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)
Trust (or mistrust) that basic needs (nourishment, affection) will be met
37
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Early Childhood
1-3 years old Basic Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt Virtue: Will
38
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (Erikson)
Develop a sense of independence in many tasks
39
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Play Age
3-6 years old Basic Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt Virtue: Purpose
40
Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)
Take initiative on some activities, may develop guilt when unsuccessful or boundaries overstepped
41
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: School Age
7-11 years old Basic Conflict: Industry vs. Inferiority Virtue: Competence
42
Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)
Develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not
43
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Adolescene
12-18 years old Basic Conflict: Identity vs. Confusion Virtue: Fidelity
44
Identity vs. Confusion (Erikson)
Experiment with and develop identity and roles
45
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Early adulthood
19-29 years old Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs. Isolation Virtue: Love
46
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)
Establish intimacy and relationships with others
47
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Middle age
30-64 years old Basic Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnation Virtue: Care
48
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson)
Contribute to society and be part of a family
49
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Old age
65 years old - death Basic Conflict: Integrity vs. Despair Virtue: Wisdom
50
Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson)
Assess and make sense of life and meaning of contributions

JTED: Social & Mental Health Tech (2 decks)

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