Make It Stick - Collection Flashcards
(42 cards)
Learning is deeper and more durable when it is . . .
effortful.Learning that is easy is like writing in sand,
Retrieval strengthens memory and _____ forgetting.
interrupts
All new learning requires a . . .
foundation of prior knowledge.
Elaboration
The process of giving new material meaning by expressing it in your own words and connecting it with what you already know.The more you can explain about the way your new learning relates to your prior knowledge, the stronger your grasp of the new learning will be, and the more connections you create that will help you remember it later.
What is the value of mistakes in learning?
Making mistakes and correcting them builds the bridges to advanced learning.
Should learning be easy?
No. When learning is harder, it’s stronger and lasts longer.
Is memorizing material worthwhile?
Yes! Memorizing facts is like stocking a construction site with the supplies to put up a house.
What does mastery require?
Mastery requires both the possession of knowledge and the conceptual understanding of how to use it.
What is the best way to study?
Self-quizzing; retrieving knowledge and skill from memory.
What questions does a learner ask him or herself when he or she is using retrieval practice to study (without looking at the book)?
- What are the key ideas?2. What terms or ideas are new to me?3. How would I define them?4. How do the ideas related to what I already know?
What is spaced practice?
Spaced practice means studying information more than once but leaving considerable time between practice sessions.
What is interleaving?
A baseball player who practices batting by swinging at fifteen fastballs,, then fifteen curveballs, and then at fifteen change-ups will perform better in practice than the player who mixes it up. But the player who asks for random pitches during practice builds his ability to decipher and respond to each pitch as it comes his way and he becomes the better hitter.
What is elaboration?
Elaboration is the pro̤ess of finding additional layers of meaning in new material.
Part of the brain appears to be substantially determined by genes. Which part?
Gross structure and architecture.
Part of the brain appears to be substantially shaped by experience and to be capable of significant modification. Which part?
Fine structure and neural networks.
What is gray matter?
Neural cell bodies.
What is white matter?
The wiring between neural cell bodies: the axons and the waxy myelin sheaths in which some axons are wrapped.
What is neuroplasticity?
The ability of the brain to change, to learn, and to improve.
In terms of the brain, what is the difference between a conscious action and a habitual action?
The neural circuits we use to take those two actions are no the same.
What are performance goals?
Goals whose point is to validate your ability.
What are learning goals?
Goals whose point is to acquire new knowledge or skills.
What name is most prominently associated with the idea of “dynamic testing”?
Robert Sternberg
What are the three elements of dynamic testing?
- Determine the state of one’s expertise. A test of some kind - perhaps an experience or an exam - shows me where I come up short in knowledge or a skill.2. Refocus learning on areas of low performance. I dedicate myself to becoming more competent using reflection, practice, spacing, and other aspects of effective learning.3. Follow up with testing to measure the improvement and to keep raising performance. I test myself again, paying attention to what works better now but also to where I still need to improve.
What are the three steps of learning?
Encoding, Consolidation, Retrieval
