1. Protective layer 2. Phosphor layer---BFH coated with Europium (PSP) photostimulable phosphore (active layer) 3. light reflective---sends light forward (some detail lost) 4. conductive ---absorbs static electricity. 5. support----semi-rigid, gives IP strength 6. light shielding 7. backing---protects back

Make Up Flashcards by Tina Skaggs

Amplitude

1/2 of the range from crest to valley

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wavelength

Is the distance from one crest to another, from one valley to another, or from any point on the sine wave to the next corresponding point.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Frequency

Is the number of wavelengths that pass a point of observation per second.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rectifier

Allows current flow in one direction. x-ray tubes must be provided with direct current. X-rays are produced by the acceleration of electrons from the cathode to the anode.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rectification

is accomplished with diodes. A diode is an electronic device that contains two electrodes. they are made by solid-state rectifiers made of silicon.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Single Phase Power

Single phase power results in a pulsating x-ray beam. This is causes by the alternate swing in voltage from zero to maximum potential 120 times each second under full-wave rectification. The x-rays produced when the single-phase voltage waveform has a value near zero are of little diagnostic value because of their low energy; such xrays have low penetrability.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Three Phase Power

Multiple voltage wave forms are superimposed on one another, resulting in a waveform that maintains a nearly constant high voltage. There are 6 pulses per 1/60s compared with the two pulses characteristic of single phase power.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

High frequency Generator

High frequency generators produce a nearly constant potential voltage waveform, improving image quality at lower patient radiation dose.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Single Phase

HU=kVp x mAxS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 phase, 6 pulse

HU=kVp x mAxs =1.35….35%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 phase, 12 pulse

HU=kVp x mAxs=1.41…41%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To see significant increase in density

increase mAs 30%

kVP 4%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To see Double density: must

double mAs, or increase kVp by 15%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lumbar

Intervertebral Foramina 90 degrees Lateral (right or left)

Zygaphophyseal Joints  45 degrees obliques
Posterior Obliques--downside
RPO--Right joints
LPO--Left joints
Anterior obliques--upside
RAO---left joints
LAO--right joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cervical

Intervertebral Foramina 45 degrees oblique
CR 15 degrees cephalad–upside visualized
LPO—right foramina
RPO– left foramina
CR 15 degrees caudad–downside visualized
LAO —left foramina
RAO—right foramina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thoracic

Intervetebral Foramina 90 degrees (right or left lateral)
Zygaphphyseal joint 70 degrees oblique

Posterior Oblique—upside
LPO —right zygopophyseal
RPO—Left zygapophyseal

Anterior Oblique–downside

LAO–left zygaphophyseal
RAO—right zygaphophyseal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bodies center of gravity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Radiographic Rating Chart

is most important indicates safe/unsafe techniques
x-axis: exposure time
y-axis: Kvp
Below mA line is safe

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anode cooling chart

Shows how long to wait to make more exposures after anode has rached max capacity (HU)s
x-axis: time (minutes)
y-axis: HU
curve line: cooling curve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

XR Emission Spectrum

x-axis: energy (keV) quality

y-axis: quantity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

filtration

inherent filtration 0.5mm
added filtration 1.0mm
mirror 1.0mm
total: 2.5mm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CR uses IP:

Protective layer
Phosphor layer—BFH coated with Europium (PSP) photostimulable phosphore (active layer)
light reflective—sends light forward (some detail lost)
conductive —absorbs static electricity.
support—-semi-rigid, gives IP strength
light shielding
backing—protects back

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Solid State lasers

less diameter—-better spatial resolution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Laser Scanning

Blue light is emitted

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Grid frequency

Number of grid lines per cm/m | typically 150 + lines/inch

Exposure Indicator

Fuji: S# target 200-400 (inverse) high S# means underexposed Kodak/Carestream: Ei Target 2000 (direct) Agfa: log mean target =2.2 (direct)

Spatial Resolution

in DR is pixel limited

uses flat panel direct capture detector (then temporary stored in TFT's or thin silm transistors)

Indirect conversion System

X-ray absorbed by cesium iodide --light light interacts with Amorphous silicon Photodiode--electric charge

Direct Conversion System

``` Amorphous Selenium (a-Se) electric charge ```

Sensitivity speck

Electrons traps in conductive layer

increasing filtration

primary purpose rad protection lowers patient dose increases beam energy by removing weak beams decreases beam quantity by removing weak beams Most scatter results from Compton Filtration does affect image contrast by affecting the differential absorption (reduces subject contrast)

Volvulus

Twisting of intestines on its own mesentery--beak sign cork-screw look.

Hallux

big toe

Annual limit for techs

5 rem=0.05 Sv

Normal Cretinine

0.6-1.5mg/100ml

Geometric Factors

magnification, distortion, focal spot blur

XRs transmitted w/o interaction

rad imaging

visibility of detail

is affected by contrast and OD

Sella Turcica

3/4 superior and 3/4 anterior to EAM

Waters

OML is at 37 degrees to IR MML is perpendicular to IR CR at acanthion Petrous Ridges below maxillary sinuses

Modified Waters

OML 55 degrees to IR Orbits shown w/o distortion (orbital floors perpendicular to IR) Best for orbital fractures

Haustra

normal pouches/sacs along LG intestines

Principle function of grid

improve image contrast

The ? is the source of radiation in the x-ray tube.

focal spot

Because of the line focus principle, the effective focal spot size decreases with ? decreasing.

target angle

The negative side of the x-ray tube holds the

filament

what is the most common cause of tube failure?

tungston vaporization

The filament is made up of

tungsten

Thermionic emission at the filament creates

space charge

The rotating anode is turned by a

magnetic field

When electrons bombard the target, ?% of their kinetic energy is converted to heat.

99%

The target of the rotating anode is usually coated with a ? alloy.

tungsten

The ? is the source of radiation in the x-ray tube.

focal spot

Because of the line focus principle, the effective focal spot size decreases with decreasing

target angle

High capacity tube rotors revolve at

10,000 rpm

The x-ray intensity is lower on the anode side of the tube because of the ?

heel effect

Tube failure can occur from

long exposure times

The filament in an x-ray tube is about ?cm in length

1 to 2

A dual focus tube has two

filaments

Each tube has its own tube rating chart to show

maximum exposure times

The ? are outside the glass envelope

stators

Extrafocal or off focus radiation is produced from

rebounding electrons

Make Up Flashcards

(63 cards)