Malaria in Ethiopia

Question 1

how many episodes of malaria are there a year in Ethiopia

Answer 1

2.9 million

Question 2

how many Malaria deaths per year in Ethiopia

Answer 2

almost 5,000

Question 3

what is the annual cost of Malaria treatment in Ethiopia and how does this relate to the country’s total health expenditure

Answer 3

$200 million annually, 10% of Ethiopia’s total health expenditure

Question 4

how is malaria impacting the spatial distribution of Ethiopia’s population

Answer 4

highlands, where mosquitos are much less prevalent, are becoming over populated as mass migration to cities such as Addis Ababa occurs

Question 5

what is Ethiopia’s population

Answer 5

115 million

Question 6

what is Ethiopia’s gdp

Answer 6

approx us$108 billion

Question 7

what is Ethiopia’s gdp

Answer 7

approx us$108 billion

Question 8

which countries border Ethiopia

Answer 8

Somalia, Sudan

Question 9

what is the average temperature and humidity in Ethiopia

Answer 9

25 degrees and 79%

Question 10

when is the peak malarial transmission period in Ethiopia and why

Answer 10

September to December, following the June- September rainy period

Question 11

how many people in Ethiopia do not have clean water

Answer 11

60 million

Question 12

what percentage of households have no toilet facility in Ethiopia

Answer 12

38%

Question 13

how has urbanisation impacted malaria transmission

Answer 13

urbanisation has lead to waste dumps and stagnant water pools that act as breeding grounds for Mosquitos

Question 14

how much does agriculture contribute to Ethiopia’s total gdp

Answer 14

contributes to 40% of Ethiopia’s total gdp

Question 15

what is the no of doctors per 1000 people in Ethiopia

Answer 15

0.07

Question 16

what is the literacy rate in Ethiopia

Answer 16

51.7

Question 17

what is the birth rate per 1000 in Ethiopia

Answer 17

32

Question 18

what is ethiopia’s human development index score

Answer 18

0.485

Question 19

which region is most affected by malaria and name three provinces that are highly impacted

Answer 19

Western Ethiopia- Gambela, Benishangul-Gumuz (BG), Tigray

Question 20

how is drug resistance impacting Malaria in Ethiopia

Answer 20

Malarial parasites are becoming increasingly drug resitant

Question 21

give a statistic that demonstrates how Malaria is declining in Ethiopia

Answer 21

despite the population at risk increasing from 59 million to 69 million in between 2010 and 2016, the number of cases declined by 60%

Question 22

how much of Ethiopia’s territory is considered endemic for Malaria

Answer 22

Three quarters of Ethiopia’s territory is considered endemic for malaria

Question 23

give a statistic that demonstrates how mortality from Malaria is decreasing in Ethiopia

Answer 23

the number of deaths due to malaria declined by 54% from the 2000s record of approx 10,500 deaths

Question 24

what is the difference between direct and indirect strategies to mitigate against malaria

Answer 24

direct= measures to eradicate mosquitos
indirect= measures to minimise the risks of malaria

Question 25

what is an example of an international government strategy to mitigate against malaria and when was this launched

Answer 25

President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI), a US government scheme that launched in 2005

Question 26

what was the goal of PMI

Answer 26

to reduce malaria-related mortality by 50% across 15 high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Question 27

what are four proven highly effective Malaria prevention and treatment strategies

Answer 27

1. insecticide-treated mosquito nets
2. Indoor residual spraying
3. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment with ACTs
4. Intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women

Question 28

what are three of the PMI’s targets over the next 12-18 months

Answer 28

• to have 100% of vulnerable households to be equipped with at least one insecticide-treated bed net
• 100% of vulnerable households to have indoor residual spraying
• to provide support to 400 hospitals and health centres, mentoring drug and pharmacy store staff

Question 29

give three achievements of the PMI in the past 12-18 months

Answer 29

1. Indoor residual spraying targeted 44 high-burden regions, such as Gambela
2. 2,600 people were trained to deliver Indoor Residual Spraying
3. 10.4 million insecticide-treated nets provided

Question 30

give an example of an agency that provided worked locally to mitigate against malaria- what region did they work in and what is something they did, and give a statistic that demonstrates the effectiveness of this

Answer 30

Carter Centre, worked in the Amhara region and distributed nearly 6 million Insecticide treated nets, reduced cases from 4.6% to 0.8%

Question 31

give an example of an NGO working to mitigate against malaria in ethiopia

Answer 31

Malaria Consortium

Question 32

give a statistic that proves that insecticide treated nets are not always effective

Answer 32

ITNs last two years- 72% experienced wear and tear

Question 33

give a statistic that shows how misdiagnosis has been reduced

Answer 33

misdiagnosis has been reduced from 8% to 0%

Question 34

give two factors reducing the effectiveness of malaria mitigation that prove the importance of educating vulnerable popualtaions

Answer 34

• misconceptions about the cause of malaria are rife, such as the belief that it comes from witchcraft/ devil attacks or cold weather
• knowledge on symptoms is low- only 35% of people in Ethiopia are aware of three or more more symptoms

Question 35

Give two statistics that demonstrate the ways in which mitigation strategies in Ethiopia have been partly ineffective for children

Answer 35

• in Amhara, SNNPR and Tigray Insecticide-treated nets usage by children under 5 was only 60%
• treatment sought for children with a fever was only 38%