Male and Female Internal Genital Organs

Question 1

deferentectomy

Answer 1

common method to sterilize males - ligation/excision of part of the ductus deferens through an incision in the superior part of the scrotum
-aka vasectomy

Question 2

reversal of deferentectomy

Answer 2

successful in patients < 30 y/o and < 7 years postop - ends of sectioned ductus deferens are reattached under an operating microscope

Question 3

if seminal gland abscesses rupture, where does pus go?

Answer 3

peritoneal cavity

Question 4

benign hypertrophy of prostate (BHP)

Answer 4

enlarged prostate projects into urinary bladder and impedes urination by distorting the prostatis urethra

• common cause of nocturia, dysuria, urgency
• increased risk of bladder infections

Question 5

nocturia

Answer 5

need to void during the night

Question 6

dysuria

Answer 6

difficulty and/or pain during urination

Question 7

urgency

Answer 7

sudden desire to void

Question 8

TURP

Answer 8

transurethral resection of the prostate - all of part of prostate removed

Question 9

radical prostectomy

Answer 9

entire prostate is removed along w/ the seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts, and terminal parts of the deferent ducts

Question 10

why can infections of vagina/uterus/tubes sometimes result in peritonitis?

Answer 10

b/c the female genital tract communicates w/ the peritoneal cavity through the abdominal ostia of the uterine tubes

Question 11

salpingitis

Answer 11

inflammation of a tube - may result from infections that spread from the peritoneal cavity

Question 12

major cause of infertility in women

Answer 12

blockage of the uterine tubes, often from salpingitis

Question 13

hysterosalpingography

Answer 13

radiographic procedure involving injection of water-soluble radiopaque material or CO2 into the uterus and tubes through the external os of the uterus - to determine patency of uterine tubes

Question 14

hysteroscopy

Answer 14

examination of the interior of the tubes using a narrow hysteroscope introduced through vagina and uterus

Question 15

ligation of the uterine tubes

Answer 15

surgical method of birth control

Question 16

open abdominal tube ligation

Answer 16

performed through a short suprapubic incision made at the pubic hairline and involves interruption, often with removal of a segment, and tube closure by suture ligation

Question 17

laparoscopic tubal ligation

Answer 17

fiber optic laparoscope inserted through a small incision near umbilicus - tubal continuity interrupted by applying cautery, rings, or clips

Question 18

pyosalpinx

Answer 18

collections of pus in a uterine tube

Question 19

most common type of ectopic gestation?

Answer 19

tubal pregnancy

Question 20

what is ruptured tubal pregnancy often confused with?

Answer 20

appendicitis - due to close relationship of appendix and ovary/uterine tube on right side

Question 21

sites of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 21

• infundibular
• tubal (ampullar)
• tubal (isthmic)
• abdominal
• ovarian
• interstitial
• cervical

Question 22

epoophoron

Answer 22

forms from remnants of the mesonephric tubules of the mesonephros (transitory embryonic kidney)

Question 23

duct of the epoophoron (duct of Garter)

Answer 23

remnant of the mesonephric duct that forms the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct in males

Question 24

vesicular appendage

Answer 24

attached to the infundibulum of the uterine tube - remains of the cranial end of the mesonephric duct that forms the ductus epididymis

Question 25

congenital anomalies of uterus

Answer 25

- unicornate uterus (only receive one uterine duct) - bicornate uterus - double uterine cavities - completely doubled uterus

Question 26

what is completely doubled uterus called?

Answer 26

uterus didelphys

Question 27

what type of uterus is more likely to prolapse?

Answer 27

retroverted

Question 28

how can you determine the size and disposition of the uterus?

Answer 28

bimanual palpation

Question 29

Hegar sign

Answer 29

cervix feels separated from the body - due to softening of the uterine isthmus - early sign of pregnancy

Question 30

what is the most dynamic structure in the human body?

Answer 30

uterus

Question 31

prepartum

Answer 31

before childbirth

Question 32

postpartum

Answer 32

after childbirth

Question 33

growth of uterus/cervix throughout childhood

Answer 33

- 2:1 ratio prepartum (due to maternal hormones) - 1:1 ratio several weeks postpartum - uterus grows rapidly during puberty back to adult proportions

Question 34

gravid uterus

Answer 34

pregnant uterus - expands greatly to accomodate fetus, becomes almost membranous

Question 35

immediately postpartum uterus

Answer 35

becomes thick-walled and edematous, but size reduces rapidly

Question 36

multiparous uterus

Answer 36

- non-gravid uterus - large, nodular body - extends into lower abdominal cavity - often causes slight protrusion of the inferior abdominal wall in lean women

Question 37

menopause

Answer 37

-uterus decreases in size

Question 38

post-menopause

Answer 38

-uterus involuted and regressed to a smaller size - childhood proportions

Question 39

vaginal speculum

Answer 39

distention of vagina to inspect cervix

Question 40

manual pelvic exam

Answer 40

palpation of cervix, ischial spines, sacral promontory with gloved digits in the vagina and/or rectum

Question 41

when can urine enter the vagina?

Answer 41

vesicovaginal or urethrovaginal fistulas

Question 42

when can fecal matter enter the vagina?

Answer 42

rectovaginal fistula

Question 43

culdoscope

Answer 43

endoscopic instrument inserted through posterior part of vaginal fornix to examine ovaries or uterine tubes

Question 44

why has culdoscopy been replaced by laparascopy?

Answer 44

- greater flexibility for operative procedures - better visualization of pelvic organs - less risk of bacterial contamination of peritoneal cavity

Question 45

culdocentesis

Answer 45

incision in posterior part of vaginal fornix - to drain a pelvic abscess in the recto-uterine pouch - to aspirate fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 46

endometriosis

Answer 46

presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus

Question 47

anesthesia for childbirth

Answer 47

- general: mom unconscious through labor and delivery | - regional: mom conscious, just not as much pain

Question 48

spinal anesthesia

Answer 48

introduced w/ needle in the spinal subarachnoid space at L3-4 level - complete anesthesia inferior to waste level

Question 49

pudendal nerve block

Answer 49

peripheral nerve block - anesthesia over the S2-4 dermatomes and inferior quarter of vagina

Question 50

caudal epidural block

Answer 50

administered using an in-dwelling catheter in the sacral canal - anesthesia of S2-4 spinal nerve roots -entire birth canal, pelvic floor, majority of perineum numb, but lower limbs not affected