Small and Large Intestine Flashcards Preview

Anatomy - BB Exam 2 > Small and Large Intestine > Flashcards

Flashcards in Small and Large Intestine Deck (44)
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1
Q

duodenal/peptic ulcers

A

inflammatory erosions of the duodenal mucosa

2
Q

where do most duodenal ulcers occur?

A

posterior wall of the superior part of the duodenum w/i 3 cm of pylorus

3
Q

what is at risk during the repair of a paraduodenal hernia?

A

injury of the branches of the IMA/v or the ascending branches of the L colic a

4
Q

where does pain from foregut derivatives localize (esophagus, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, biliary duct) ?

A

epigastric region

5
Q

where does pain from midgut derivatives localize (small instestine, bile duct, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, most of transverse colon)?

A

peri-umbilical region

6
Q

where does pain from the hindgut derivatives localize (distal part of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum)?

A

hypogastric region

7
Q

what results from malrotation of the midgut?

A

several congenital anomalies - volvulus of intestine

8
Q

orad

A

toward the mouth

9
Q

aborad

A

away from the mouth

10
Q

what does occlusion of vasa recta by emboli (blood clots) result in?

A

ischemia of the part of the intestine concerned - if bad enough, necrosis -> paralytic ileus

11
Q

ileus

A

obstruction of the intestine - severe colicky pain, abdominal distension, vomiting, fever, dehydration

12
Q

how do you diagnose ileus?

A

superior mesenteric arteriogram

13
Q

Meckel diverticulum

A

congenital anomaly - remnant of the proximal part of the embryonic omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk) - appears as a finger-like pouch

14
Q

retrocecal appendix

A

extends superiorly toward the right colic flexure and is usually free

15
Q

what determines the symptoms and site of muscular spasm/tenderness when the appendix is inflamed?

A

anatomical position of the appendix

16
Q

what point is the base of the appendix deep to?

A

McBurney point

17
Q

appendicitis

A

acute inflammation of the appendix

18
Q

acute abdomen

A

severe abdominal pain arising suddenly

19
Q

what is a common cause of acute abdomen?

A

appendicitis

20
Q

where is maximum tenderness felt at in appendicitis?

A

McBurney’s point

21
Q

fecalith/ coprolith

A

concretion that forms around a center of fecal matter

22
Q

thrombosis

A

clotting of blood

23
Q

what can acute infection of the appendix result in?

A

thrombosis of the appendicular artery

24
Q

rupture of appendix results in what?

A

peritonitis, increased abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal rigidity

25
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical removal of the appendix through transverse/gridiron incision centered at McBurney point

26
Q

laparascopic appendectomy

A

inflate peritoneal cavity with CO2 -> laparascope through small incision in anterolateral abdominal wall

27
Q

malrotation of the intestine

A

failure of descent of the cecum - appendix not in RLQ

28
Q

subhepatic cecum

A

when cecum is high, appendix in right hypochondriac region

29
Q

volvulus of the colon

A

obstruction of the intestine resulting from twisting

30
Q

cecopexy

A

fixation of the colon - may avoid volvulus and possible obstruction of the colon - anchoring procedure

31
Q

ulcerative colitis/Crohn’s disease

A

chronic inflammation of colon

32
Q

colectomy

A

sometimes performed with Crohn’s disease - removal of terminal ileum, colon, rectum and anal canal

33
Q

ileostomy

A

constructed to establish a stoma - artificial opening of the ileum through the skin of the anterolateral abdominal wall

34
Q

colostomy/sigmoidostomy

A

performed following a partial colectomy to create an artificial cutaneous opening for the terminal part of the colon

35
Q

colonoscopy

A

procedure to observe the interior of the colon -long, flexible fiberoptic endoscope inserted into colon through the anus and rectum

36
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

shorter endoscope (sigmoidoscope) to observe interior of sigmoid colon

37
Q

where do most tumors of the large intestine occur?

A

sigmoid colon and rectum - often appear near the rectosigmoid junction

38
Q

diverticulosis

A

disorder in which multiple false diverticula develop along the intestine - commonly found in sigmoid colon

39
Q

what age group dose diverticulosis usually affect?

A

middle-aged and elderly

40
Q

diverticula

A

external evaginations or out-pocketings of the mucosa of the colon

41
Q

colonic diverticula

A

not true diverticula b/c formed from protrusions of mucous membrane only, evaginated through weak points developed b/w muscle fibers rather than involving the whole wall of the colon

42
Q

volvulus of the sigmoid colon

A

rotation and twisting of the mobile loop of the sigmoid colon and mesocolon - results in obstruction of the lumen of the descending colon and any part of the sigmoid colon proximal to the twisted segment

43
Q

constipation

A

inability of the stool to pass

44
Q

fecal impaction

A

an immovable collection of compressed or hardened feces