Male/Female Reproductive

Question 1

What is the function of the scrotum?

Answer 1

A pouch behind the penis that holds the testes and helps regulate temperature for sperm production.

Question 2

What is the function of the penis?

Answer 2

External organ for sexual reproduction and urination; contains erectile tissue for erection.

Question 3

What is the corpus cavernosum?

Answer 3

Two cylindrical columns of erectile tissue on either side of the penis that fill with blood during an erection.

Question 4

What is the corpus spongiosum?

Answer 4

Erectile tissue surrounding the urethra, preventing it from closing during an erection.

Question 5

What is the glans penis?

Answer 5

The enlarged distal end of the penis, covered by the prepuce unless circumcised.

Question 6

What is the prepuce?

Answer 6

The foreskin covering the glans penis.

Question 7

What is circumcision?

Answer 7

Surgical removal of the prepuce.

Question 8

What is the function of the testes?

Answer 8

Produce sperm and testosterone.

Question 9

Where does sperm production occur?

Answer 9

In the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Question 10

What is the function of sustentacular (nurse) cells?

Answer 10

Provide structural support and nutrition for developing sperm cells and help regulate spermatogenesis.

Question 11

What is the function of interstitial cells?

Answer 11

Produce testosterone.

Question 12

When do the testes descend?

Answer 12

Before birth, usually between the 7th and 8th month of fetal development.

Question 13

Through what canal do the testes descend?

Answer 13

The inguinal canal.

Question 14

What is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 14

Stores sperm and is the site of sperm maturation.

Question 15

What is the function of the vas deferens?

Answer 15

Transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

Question 16

What do the seminal vesicles do?

Answer 16

Secrete alkaline fluid rich in fructose and nutrients for sperm.

Question 17

What does the prostate gland do?

Answer 17

Secretes a thin, milky alkaline fluid that helps neutralize vaginal acidity and enhances sperm motility.

Question 18

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?

Answer 18

Secrete lubricating mucus before ejaculation.

Question 19

What are the two functions of the urethra in males?

Answer 19

• Excretion of urine
• Ejaculation of semen

Question 20

What hormone stimulates spermatogenesis?

Answer 20

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

Question 21

What hormone stimulates testosterone production?

Answer 21

Luteinizing Hormone (LH).

Question 22

What two structures form the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 22

• The vas deferens
• The seminal vesicles

Question 23

What is the correct pathway sperm travels through the male reproductive tract?

Answer 23

Seminiferous Tubules → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Ejaculatory Duct → Prostatic Urethra → Spongy Urethra → External Urethral Orifice.

Question 24

What happens if the ovum is fertilized?

Answer 24

It implants in the endometrium, and the corpus luteum continues producing progesterone to maintain pregnancy.

Question 25

What happens if the ovum is not fertilized?

Answer 25

It degenerates, causing the corpus luteum to regress, leading to decreased progesterone and estrogen, which triggers menstruation.

Question 26

What is prolactin?

Answer 26

A hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates milk production.

Question 27

What is progesterone?

Answer 27

A hormone from the corpus luteum that prepares the uterus for implantation and maintains pregnancy.

Question 28

What is menarche?

Answer 28

A female’s first menstrual period.

Question 29

What is the vulva?

Answer 29

The external female genitalia, including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, and vaginal opening.

Question 30

What is menopause?

Answer 30

The natural cessation of the menstrual cycle, typically between ages 45–55, due to decreased ovarian hormone production.

Question 31

What is the function of the female urethra?

Answer 31

Carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Question 32

What is estrogen?

Answer 32

A hormone produced by the ovaries that regulates female secondary sexual characteristics and the menstrual cycle.

Question 33

What is the perineum?

Answer 33

The area between the vaginal opening and the anus, supporting pelvic organs.

Question 34

What is ovulation?

Answer 34

The release of a mature egg from the ovary around day 14 of a 28-day cycle, triggered by a surge in LH.

Question 35

What is a Pap smear?

Answer 35

A test that detects cervical abnormalities, including precancerous or cancerous cells.

Question 36

What is natural family planning?

Answer 36

Tracking menstrual cycles and ovulation signs to avoid or achieve pregnancy.

Question 37

How do oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy?

Answer 37

They contain synthetic estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.

Question 38

What is emergency contraception?

Answer 38

A high dose of hormones taken after unprotected intercourse to prevent ovulation or implantation.

Question 39

What is the effectiveness of male condoms?

Answer 39

82-92% effective.

Question 40

How effective is a cervical cap?

Answer 40

92% effective.

Question 41

What is the function of a diaphragm?

Answer 41

A dome-shaped barrier that covers the cervix and is used with spermicide (88% effective).

Question 42

What is the effectiveness of spermicidal gels and foams?

Answer 42

71% effective.

Question 43

How often is Depo-Provera given?

Answer 43

Every 12 weeks (94% effective).

Question 44

What is Nexplanon?

Answer 44

A thin rod implanted under the skin that releases hormones for up to three years (99% effective).

Question 45

How does the vaginal ring (NuvaRing) work?

Answer 45

It is inserted into the vagina for three weeks and removed for one week (91% effective).

Question 46

What is the effectiveness of an IUD?

Answer 46

99% effective.

Question 47

How long does the Paragard (Copper IUD) last?

Answer 47

10 years.

Question 48

How long does the Mirena (Hormonal IUD) last?

Answer 48

Up to five years.

Question 49

What is tubal ligation?

Answer 49

A surgical procedure where the fallopian tubes are cut or tied to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

Question 50

What is a vasectomy?

Answer 50

A surgical procedure where the vas deferens is cut and tied to prevent sperm from entering ejaculatory fluid.

Question 51

How many chromosomes are in an ovum?

Answer 51

23 chromosomes.

Question 52

How many chromosomes are in a sperm cell?

Answer 52

23 chromosomes.

Question 53

How many total chromosomes are present after fertilization?

Answer 53

46 chromosomes (zygote formation).