Male & Female Reproductive System — Structures & Functions — Human Reproduction

Question 1

Where are male gametes (sperm) produced within the 2 testes?

Answer 1

Sperm cells are produced within the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Question 2

Name one function of the male penis?

Answer 2

The penis transfers sperm from the male into the vagina of the female.

Question 3

The cells of Leydig secrete the hormone ________.

Answer 3

The cells of Leydig secrete the hormone testosterone.

Question 4

Name the three key functions of the male reproductive system.

Answer 4

1. Produce sperm cells.
2. Produce sex hormones.
3. Transfer sperm.

Question 5

Complete the following: the cells of Leydig within the ______ produce the hormone _________.

Answer 5

The cells of Leydig within the testes produce the hormone testosterone.

Question 6

In developing male embryos, where do the testes develop, and where do they descend to before birth?

Answer 6

The testes develop in the abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum before birth.

Question 7

Typically, what temperature must the testes be kept at and why?

Answer 7

The testes must be kept at 1-3 degrees Celsius lower than body temperature to ensure sperm viability.

Question 8

Name the three tubes involved in the male reproductive system tract.

Answer 8

The three tubes are the epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra.

Question 9

What are the functions of the TWO seminal vesicles located between the bladder and the rectum?

Answer 9

Secretions give sperm nutrients, specifically fructose, which supplies them with energy and proteins.

Question 10

Functions of the prostate gland located just below the bladder?

Answer 10

1. Produces milky, alkaline fluid.
2. Increases mobility of sperm.
3. Improves lifespan of sperm.
4. Helps neutralize the acidic vagina.

Question 11

Functions of the TWO Cowper’s Glands?

Answer 11

1. Produces pre-ejaculate to neutralize acidity in the urethra.
2. Makes urethra hospitable for sperm.

Question 12

Where in the pair of testes are sperm cells produced?

Answer 12

Sperm cells are produced within the seminiferous tubules.

Question 13

Name 2 processes testosterone is necessary for.

Answer 13

1. Development of sex organs.
2. Development of secondary male sexual characteristics.

Question 14

What is the name of the single, densely coiled structure which lies outside the testes?

Answer 14

The structure is called the epididymis.

Question 15

Name TWO functions of the epididymis.

Answer 15

1. Gain motility.
2. Gain maturation.

Question 16

What is another term for the vas deferens?

Answer 16

Another term for the vas deferens is sperm duct.

Question 17

What similarity is there between the epididymis and the prostate gland functions?

Answer 17

Both increase the motility of sperm.

Question 18

What are the 3 glands that contribute fluids to the sperm to form semen.

Answer 18

1. Seminal Vesicles (two)
2. Prostate Gland
3. Cowper’s Gland (two)

Question 19

What is the role of the reproductive system in females? Name TWO things.

Question 20

How long is a typical pregnancy?

Question 21

The structure called the oviducts is also known as the …?

Question 22

What is the outer layer of each ovary made up of?

Question 23

The germinal epithelium which forms _____ containing primary oocytes which will eventually give rise to the ___.

Question 24

When do primary oocytes with the primary follicles form in a female?

Question 25

The ovaries secrete which two reproductive hormones?

Question 26

What tissue lines the fallopian tubes? What function does it have?

Question 27

Name the funnel shaped opening attached to the fallopian tubes.

Question 28

The infundibulum is connected to movable

Answer 28

finger-like projections/ outgrowths called ______.

Question 29

How do the fimbriae “catch” the ova released by the ovaries?

Question 30

Can the fallopian tubes contract

Answer 30

and why?

Question 31

Yes. To move the ova down the fallopian tubes in order to make contact with a sperm for fertilization.

Question 32

Name the scientific term for the womb.

Question 33

Explain the function of the uterus.

Question 34

Name and discuss the lining of the uterus and its function.

Question 35

Endometrium

Question 36

Implantation

Question 37

Is shed at the end of the menstrual cycle

Question 38

Give another term for the birth canal in the female reproductive system

Answer 38

to which the fetus is delivered at the end of a +-40 week pregnancy.

Question 39

What is the name of the external opening of the vagina?

Question 40

The vulva contains outer and inner folds called the …?

Question 41

Labia

Question 42

What do the inner labia (layer of the vulva) protect?

Question 43

What is the name of the small erectile tissue

Answer 43

which is the centre of sexual sensation in females.

Question 44

Here are the notes

Question 45

The reproductive role of the female is much more complex than the male. Not

Question 46

only must the female produce gametes (ova)

Answer 46

but her body must also prepare to

Question 47

nurture and protect a developing foetus during forty weeks of pregnancy.

Question 48

A pair of ovaries (the primary reproductive organs or gonads) lie

Answer 48

suspended by the ovarian

Question 49

ligaments

Answer 49

in the abdominal cavity. The outside layer of each ovary is made up of germinal

Question 50

epithelium

Answer 50

which forms primary follicles containing primary oocytes which will eventually give rise

Question 51

to the ova. The primary follicles with the primary oocytes form when the female is still a foetus.

Question 52

When the female reaches puberty

Answer 52

each ovary releases an ovum (egg cell) into the fallopian tubes

Question 53

(oviducts). The ovaries also secrete the hormones oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 54

The fallopian tubes that lead from each ovary to the uterus. Each fallopian tube has a funnel shaped

Question 55

opening (infundibulum) with finger-like outgrowths known as fimbriae. The fimbriae are able to

Question 56

move and

Answer 56

in doing so

Question 57

This current assists in drawing the single ovum released from the ovary into the fallopian tube.

Question 58

Lining the fallopian tube is ciliated epithelium. Movement of the cilia in the mucus and fluid

Question 59

produced by the epithelium assists in moving the ovum down the fallopian tube. The muscular

Question 60

walls of the fallopian tubes are capable of relaxing and contracting and thus moving the egg cell

Question 61

along the tube.

Question 62

The uterus

Answer 62

or womb

Question 63

foetus develops. The cervix is the part of the uterus which opens into the vagina.

Question 64

The vagina or birth canal – a muscular tube that opens into the environment through which the

Question 65

baby is delivered during birth. The vagina opens behind the urethra. Unlike the male reproductive

Question 66

system

Answer 66

the female reproductive system is completely separate from the urinary system.

Question 67

The vulva or external opening of the vagina consists of two outer and two inner folds of skin (the

Question 68

labia). The outer folds have their external surfaces covered with hair while the inner surface is

Question 69

moist and smooth. The inner folds are delicate and protect the clitoris

Answer 69

which is a small erectile

Question 70

structure similar to the male penis. The clitoris has many nerve endings and functions as a centre of

Question 71

sexual sensation in females.

Question 72

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