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BIO224 > male repro > Flashcards

male repro Flashcards

1
Q

male duct system

A
  1. ductus epididymus
  2. vas deferens
  3. ejaculatory duct
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2
Q

male accessory glands

A

seminal vessicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands

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3
Q

temp of testes

A

34-35 C for viable sperm. cremaster elevates and lowers testes to acheive this

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4
Q

pampiniform plexus

A

network of blood vessels to be heat exchanger for testicles to be right temp.

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5
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

1-3 in each lobule of teste. lines with spermatogenic cells where sperm is actually made.

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6
Q

tunica albuginia

A

teste tunic that creates septums which create 250-300 lobules per teste where seminiferous tubules lie

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7
Q

spermatogenisis

A

processin which a spermatic becomes a spermatozoa not a process in meiosis. 74 days to complete transformation into a sperm

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8
Q

sperm developement

A
  1. spermatogonia in seminiferous tubes. dipolid
  2. divide to form primary spermatocytes. diploid
  3. undgoes meiosis 1 to form 2 secondary spermatocytes haploid.
  4. secondary spermatocytes do meiosis II to become spermatids. (4 total from 2 secondary)
  5. spermatids continue developing into mature sperm: spermatozoa
  6. not motile no flagellum. moves through peristalsis and cilia on tubing
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9
Q

Sertoli cells

A

part of seminiferous tubes around sperm cells

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10
Q

sertoli cell function

A
  1. support/protect sperm
  2. nutrients for developing sperm
  3. phagocytize excess spermatid cytoplasm
  4. form blood/testes barrier: connected by tight juctions to exclude immune cells. important because sperm do not have self MHC 1 markers that would make them a bigger target for female immune sys
  5. make fluid used to help transport sperm through tubing
  6. secrete inhibin(inhibits synthesis and release of FSH and reduces LH releasing hormone content)
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11
Q

Sperm path

A
  1. sperm made in seminiferous tube travels down tube to
  2. straight tubules. then goes
  3. rete testes: network of tubing where lobules come together. then
  4. efferent ductules. leaves the testes to go to
  5. ductus epididymus. then
  6. vas deferens. then
  7. ejaculatory ducts go through prostate and out the urethra
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12
Q

epididymis

A

10 days spent where sperm finish maturation
can store sperm up to 30 days
sperm enters the head through the body exits the tail. only 1 ductus epididymis for each. absorbs 90% of sertoli cell fluid.

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13
Q

urethra muscle

A

3 layers of muscle to do peristasis to propell sperm

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14
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

starts where seminal vessicles connect to vas deferens connects with urethra.

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15
Q

spermatic cord

A

contains vas deferens, testicular arteries/veins/nerves

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16
Q

acrisome

A

cap on sperm head contains enzyms that help sperm penetrate to fertilize egg.
1. protease enzymes: break down proteins
2. hyaluronidase: breaks down hyaluronic acid that holds cells together

17
Q

seminal vesicles

A

produce yellowish alkaline viscous fluid 60% semen volume has some smooth muscle to secrete the fluid.
1. fluid has fructose to be metabolized for ATP,
2. hormone prostaglandins (stimulate peristalsis and reducse cervical mucus viscosity.
3. secretes fibrinogen: clotting protein turns into fibrin to help semen coagulate slightly after ejaculation so it thickens and doesn’t run out.

18
Q

prostate

A

25-30% semen volume
prostatic fluid has some
1. citric acid
2. hyaluronidase: breaks down hyaluronic acid that holds cells together
3. fibrinolysin: breaks down fibrin clot
4. protaglandins

19
Q

screen for prostate cancer

A
  1. digital rectal exam: finger in the butt
  2. prosate specific antigen: PSA screen looks for antigen that indicates prostate problems
20
Q

Cowpers glands

A

under the prostate on both sides. secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acid in urethra and mucus to coat urethra so sperm aren’t damaged on the way out.

21
Q

semen sperm amount

A

5mL total with 150million sperm/mL. less than 20mill/mL infertile

22
Q

capacitation

A

makes sperm ready for fertilization: activates enzymes in acrosome and less than 48hrs to fertilize the egg

23
Q

erection reflex

A

a parasympathetic reflex
closes sphincter under bladder so no urine
act of ejaculation controled by sympathetic nervous system

BIO224 (13 decks)

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