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Unit 7: Microscopic Anatomy > male repro > Flashcards

male repro Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

what is an important role of the scrotum?

A

maintain the testes at 2 degrees C below body temp

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2
Q

at how many weeks gestation do the testes descend into scrotum?

A

at 26 gestation

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3
Q

the tunica vaginalis is an extension of_____?

A

the abdominal peritoneum

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4
Q

what structure carries blood away from each testes?

A

the pampiniform venous plexus

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5
Q

what type of epithelium makes up the tunica vaginalis?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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6
Q

what does the visceral layer of the tunic vaginalis adhere to?

A

the tunica albuginea on anterolateral surface of the testes

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7
Q

what is the tunica albuginea?

A

thick capsule of dense irregular connective tissue

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8
Q

what is the mediastinum testis?

A

thickening of the tunica albuginea on the posterior surface

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9
Q

what does the mediastinum testis divide the testis into?

A

250 lobules

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10
Q

what are the two major components of the testicular lobules?

A

1-4 seminiferous tubules per lobule

loose connective tissue stroma

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11
Q

where are spermatozoa produced?

A

in the seminiferous tubules

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12
Q

what are the tubuli recti (straight tubules)?

A

short tubules within the mediastinum that connect the seminiferous tubules with rete testis

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13
Q

what are the rete testis?

A

anastomotic network of channels in the mediastinum

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14
Q

what are the ductuli efferentes?

A

10-20 ducts that connect rete testis to epididymis

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15
Q

what type of epithelium is in the seminiferous tubules?

A

complex stratified germinal epithelium

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16
Q

what 2 things are found in the tunica propria?

A

fibroblasts & myoid cells

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17
Q

what is the function of the myoid cells?

A

have contractile properties that help move spermatozoa & testicular fluid through seminiferous tubules

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18
Q

what are the two cell types in the seminiferous epithelium?

A

spermatogenic cells- germ cells

sertoli cells-supporting cells

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19
Q

define spermatogenesis

A

formation of haploid spermatozoa (spermatozoids or sperm) from the undifferentiated diploid germ cell

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20
Q

when do spermatogonia begin dividing by mitosis?

A

at puberty

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21
Q

what are type A spermatogonia?

A

cells that can continue dividing as stem cells

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22
Q

what are type B spermatogonia?

A

progenitor cells that differentiate into primary spermatocytes

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23
Q

histologically, how do the spermatogonia appear?

A

as round cells sitting on basal lamina

heterochromatic (dark) nuclei

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24
Q

what phase are most primary spermatocytes observed in histological sections?

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A

in the prophase phase bc it takes 22 days

25
histologically, how do the primary spermatocytes appear?
largest germ cells, large nuclei containing thick strands of condensed chromatin
26
what is spermiogenesis?
final step of spermatogenesis converting the spermatids into spermatozoa involves NO cell division
27
histologically, how do the spermatids appear?
small cells that are numerous near the lumen of seminiferous tubule
28
what is the function of the acrosomal cap?
contains hydrolytic enzymes that dissociate cells o the corona radiata and digest the zona pellucid of the oocyte
29
halfway through spermiogenesis, describe the orientation changes of the spermatid?
spermatid reorients itself so its head points towards basal lamina and developing flagellum extends to the lumen
30
what is the main component of the midpiece of the spermatozoa?
mitochondria that wraps around the flagellar axoneme
31
histologically, how do the sertoli cells appear?
tall columnar non replicating epithelial cells adhere to basal lamina and can extend to lumen of tubule ** prominent nucleolus
32
list 4 functions of the sertoli cells?
1. support/protect/nutrition 2. phagocytosis 3. secretion 4. blood-testis barrier
33
what is cryptorchidism?
failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum | untreated men are sterile
34
what two cell types are in the tubuli recti?
sertoli cells and simple cuboidal cells
35
what type of epithelium does the rete testis have?
simple epithelium that is squamous to low columnar
36
what type of epithelium lines the ductus epididymis?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
37
what cell types make up the epithelium of the ductus epidymis?
basal cells | principal cells
38
compare the smooth muscle in the head/body vs the tail of the epididymis
head/body has a very thin smooth muscle layer | tail has 3 layers of thick smooth msucle layers
39
what are the functions of the ductus epididymis?
1. maturation of the sperm 2. reabsorption of remaining testicular fluid 3. phagocytosis 4. expulsion of sperm during ejaculation
40
what part of the epididymis houses the reservoir of mature sperm?
the tail
41
what two things happen to the sperm in the ductus epididymis in its maturation
1. acquire motility | 2. acquire ability to fertilize an oocyte via addition of: decapacitation factor
42
the distal end of the ductus deferens (vas deferenes) enlarges to form what?
the ampulla
43
what type of epithelium surrounds the ductus deferens?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
44
what two structures join to form the ejaculatory duct?
seminal vesicles and the ampulla of the ductus deferens
45
describe the secretion of the seminal vesicles
pale yellow viscous alkaline substance rich in fructose | contributes 70% of the volume of the ejaculate
46
why isn't the prostate considered a single gland?
because it is a composed of a structure of tubuloalveolar glands
47
what are the 3 zones of the prostate gland?
transition zone central zone peripheral zone
48
what zone of the prostate is the site for BPH?
the transition zone
49
what zone of the prostate is the origin of most prostate cancers?
the peripheral zone
50
what type of epithelium surrounds the glands of the prostate gland?
pseudostratified epithelium
51
what 3 cell types are found in the epithelium of the prostate gland?
basal cells columnar secretory cells neuroendocrine cells
52
what are prostatic conceretions?
calcified prostatic secretions forming concentric condensations that are frequently observed in lumen of glands these increase in number with age
53
describe the secretion of the prostate
thin milky acidic fluid produced by columnar epithelial cells rich in citric acid and acid phosphatase
54
what is the serine protease found in prostate secretions?
prostate specific antigen (PSA)
55
describe the secretion of the bulbourethral glands (Cowper Glands)
clear alkaline mucus like substance | discharged first during ejaculation to lubricate & neutralize penile uretha
56
what are the glands of littre (periurethral glands)?
very small glands located along the length of the penile urethra secrete mucous like fluid for lubrication
57
how many ml is the average ejaculate?
3 mL (range 2-6 mL)
58
what percent of the ejaculate is from the accessory glands?
95%
59
what glands secrete their secretions first into the urethra?
bulbourethral glands and glands of littre release a very small amount of mucus like fluid for lubrication

Unit 7: Microscopic Anatomy (4 decks)

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