Male Reproduction

Question 1

Which 2 reproductive hormones are present in BOTH male and female?

Answer 1

FSH & LH

Question 2

FOLLICLE-stimulating Hormone (FSH) does what for Ovarian FOLLICLES?

Answer 2

STIMULATES &

Nurtures

Question 3

FSH does what for SERTOLI cells in males?

Answer 3

Nurtures sperm development

Question 4

Lutenizing hormone (LH) does what in BOTH males and females?

Answer 4

Stimulates TESTOSTERONE production in:

1. Leydig cells - males
2. Thecal cells - females

Question 5

FSH and LH are secreted by?

Answer 5

Anterior Pituitary

Question 6

What stimulates the Anterior Pituirtary to release FSH and LH?

Answer 6

GnRH from Hypothalamus

Question 7

T/F. Sex hormone FEEDBACK is always NEGATIVE.

Answer 7

False! Estrogen actually have a POSITIVE effect on the anterior pituitary, all other places is negative and testosterone always feedbacks negatively.

Question 8

Main goal of FSH:

Answer 8

Gametogenesis

Question 9

Main goal of LH:

Answer 9

Sex hormone secretion:
Females –> estrogen, progesterone, androgen precursors
Males –> testosterone

Question 10

What is inhibin?

Answer 10

gives NEGATIVE FEEDBACK to anterior pituitary

Question 11

Usually FSH > LH, there is one time period that LH dominates, what is it?

Answer 11

Adult Reproductive Period

Question 12

In males, where does gametogenesis take place?

Answer 12

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES in testes

Question 13

Which trophin stimulates Sertoli cells in Semi tubules?

Answer 13

FSH

Question 14

Which trophin stimulates Leydig cells in semi tubules?

Answer 14

LH

Question 15

Development of sperm proceeds from Interstitium (where blood and Leydig are) to Lumen, carried by?

Answer 15

Sertoli cells. wrap around it and secrete substances to nuture it as it developments and moves it closer and closer to the lumen

Question 16

What is the purpose of the TIGHT JUNCTIONS in the semi tubules?

Answer 16

Is like the Blood-Brain barrier. Very 
tight control of what’s going on in luminal/central
 compartment - not effected by things in the insterstitial 
fluid (alcohol, etc), can only bring in things that we want
 to nourish sperm

Question 17

Mitosis occurs above/below the Tight Junctions?

Answer 17

Above (BASAL compartment)

Question 18

What is the order/terminology associated with the progression of sperm development?

Answer 18

Spermatogonia –> Primary Spermatocyte –> 2 Secondarys –> 4 Spermatids –> Spermatozoa

Question 19

Meiosis occurs in which compartment?

Answer 19

Central

Question 20

Secondary spermatocytes is the first place we see a change in chromosome number, instead of 46, each will have how many?

Answer 20

23 (still have 2 chromatids per chromosome)

Question 21

How many chromosomes and chromatids per chromosomes are present in spermatids?

Answer 21

23 : 1

Question 22

How do LEYDIG cells cross the Tight junctions?

Answer 22

they are lipid soluble - therefore NOT a barrier to testosterone

Question 23

Beside nurturing, the sertoli cells can secrete what else to help the process?

Answer 23

ABP - androgen binding proteins - helps capture testosterone and holds it close

Question 24

Tip of the developed sperm is called what? and what does it have?

Answer 24

Acrosome - contains enzymes for penetrating the egg

Question 25

Where is the mitochondria located in the sperm?

Answer 25

Midpiece

Question 26

What is the purpose of the tail of the sperm (flagella)?

Answer 26

Power house for motion!

Question 27

Who is in charge of QUALITY control of sperm?

Answer 27

Sertoli cells will auto digest any sperm that aren’t up to snuff!

Question 28

What type of muscle in the epididymis and vas deferens help move sperm along?

Answer 28

smooth

Question 29

T/F. Movement of sperm is BOTH passive and enhanced by smooth muscle contractions.

Answer 29

TRUE! Pressure created by continuous secretion of fluid rom Sertoli cells help

Question 30

Describe the ANS domination from rest --> erection --> ejaculation

Answer 30

``` Rest = Sympathetic Erection = Parasympathetic Ejaculation = Sympathetic ```

Question 31

Pharmacotherapy for ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION would focus on - Sympathetic innervation - Parasympathetic innervation

Answer 31

PARASYMPATHETIC - need to target cGMP to get desired response. Want it to stick around longer, so inhibit the enzyme that breaks down cGMP and remain ENGORGED longer.

Question 32

NO (nitric oxide) stimulates _____ to vasoDILATE smooth muscle for erection.

Answer 32

cGMP

Question 33

The vasodilation of erection is ended by breakdown of cGMP by PDE5, which med inhibits this enzyme?

Answer 33

VIAGRA - keeps boner

Question 34

Which medication is CONTRAINDICATED with viagra?

Answer 34

Nitrates

Question 35

What other medications should be monitored with Viagra?

Answer 35

alpha-blockers for HTN

Question 36

Testosterone is important for spermatogenesis, but most tissues want to convert it to a more POTENT FORM:

Answer 36

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 37

Which enzyme converts Testosterone to DHT? and which medication inhibits this enzyme?

Answer 37

5a-reductase, inhibited by Finasteride for prostate and hair loss problems

Question 38

T/F. GnRH has a pulsatile release from the HypoT

Answer 38

True - cycles every 90 minutes

Question 39

In presence of FSH and ABSENCE OF LH, would you get NORMAL sperm?

Answer 39

NO - is collaborative

Question 40

The Sertoli cells do A TON of things, can you list them all?

Answer 40

1. Make tight Junctions 2. Nourish developing sperm 3. ABP 4. Responds to T and FSH to stimulate sperm proliferation and differentiation 5. Inhibin 6. Phagocytize defective sperm

Question 41

T/F. 98% of circulating testosterone is bound to plasma proteins including ABP.

Answer 41

TRUE - very little is actually solubulized in plasma, only released right at target tissues and then it moves right in to it

Question 42

T/F. Androgens stimulate the synthesis of sex steroid-binding globulins (ABP)

Answer 42

False. brain can't sense T, has no receptors for it, but does have it for ESTROGEN.

Question 43

What enzyme creates estrogen from testosterone?

Answer 43

Aromatase

Question 44

T/F. Gonads have the enzymes necessary to produce cortisol and aldosterone.

Answer 44

FALSE