Male Reproduction

Question 1

Clinical signs associated with testicular torsion?

Answer 1

Anorexia, lethargy
Acute abdomen
Shock and death

Question 2

What are locations of testicular torsion?

Answer 2

Abdominal
Inguinal
Scrotal

Question 3

What are surgical diseases of the scrotum??

Answer 3

Trauma 
Ulcerative dermatitis 
Sunburn 
Frostbite 
Infection/abscess
Complications from orchiectomy 
Neoplasia

Question 4

If trauma to the scrotum is not amendable to medical treatment, what could you do?

Answer 4

Scrotal ablation

—> incision on each side of base of scrotum
—> leave sufficient tissue
—> electrocautery
—> close in 3 layers

Question 5

Indications for scrotal ablation ?

Answer 5

Trauma, ulcerative dermatitis, sunburn, frostbite, infection/abscess/neoplasia

Castration of older large breed dog —> reduced dead space and more cosmetic

Question 6

Your dog has a fracture to the os penis due to trauma. What will you do?

Answer 6

If simple break —> catheterized and conservatively manage

If comminuted fracture —> wire or finer plate

Question 7

What is the treatment for trauma/strangulation for the penis?

Answer 7

Conservative management

Catheterize if urethral trauma

Penile amputation if necrotic

Question 8

What are the indications for penile amputation?

Answer 8

Gangrenous penis

Severe urethral trauma

Question 9

What is the procedure for penile amputation?

Answer 9

Catheterize
Withdraw penis
Create urethrostomy proximal

Tuck stump in SQ

Question 10

T/F: surgical removal is the primary treatment for TVT

Answer 10

False

• vincristine

Question 11

How can papilloma, SCC or osteosarcoma be treated surgically?

Answer 11

Surgical resection r partial penile amputations

Question 12

What paraphimosis?

Answer 12

Inability to retract penis into prepuce

—> leads to congestion, discolouration, and necrosis

Question 13

What is the etiology of paraphimosis?

Answer 13

Narrow orifice
Shortened prepuce

Trauma
Infection
Priapism

Question 14

What are treatments for paraphimosis?

Answer 14

If viable tissue —> lubricant and hyperosmolar agents to reduce

If cannot reduce
—> narrow orifice —> preputiotomy
—> short prepuce —> preputial advancement

Question 15

How is a preputial advancement done?

Answer 15

Two U-shaped incisions at cranial end of prepuce

Advance prepuce by shortening the preputial muscles

Question 16

What can you do if you have a recurrent/persistant paraphimosis?

Answer 16

Phallopexy —> penis to prepuce pexy

Incision on side of prepuce

Make an incision on dorsal border of the penis and remove 1.5cm strip of mucosa from dorsal prepuce and penis corresponding tissue in the prepuce

Question 17

If you have paraphimosis that has cause necrotic or gangrenous tissue, how would you treat?

Answer 17

Penile amputation

Question 18

What is phimosis?

Answer 18

Inability to protrude penis beyond preputial orifice

Question 19

What is the etiology of phimosis?

Answer 19

Congenital —> distended prepuce

Acquired —> preputial trauma or neoplasia

Question 20

What is the treatment for phimosis?

Answer 20

Enlarge preputial orifice (fish mouth)

Question 21

Clinical signs associated with benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 21

Dyschezia
Ribbons like feces

Asymptomatic

Question 22

What is the diagnosis at treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 22

Radiographs
—> enlarged prostate
—> colorectal compression

US
—> homogenous prostatic enlargement

Question 23

What is the treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 23

Castration

Question 24

What is the etiology for prostatitis/abscess?

Answer 24

Ascending urethral infection

Question 25

Signalment for prostatitis?

Answer 25

Middle age to older Non castrated Predisposed to BPH

Question 26

Most common organism causing prostatitis?

Answer 26

Ecoli

Question 27

What would you see on blood work that could be caused by prostatic abscess?

Answer 27

Leukocytosis | Increased globulins

Question 28

US shows.. Heterogenous prostate Capsular tissue surrounding fluid is pathognomic What is this?

Answer 28

Prostatic abscess

Question 29

Treatment for prostatic abscesses?

Answer 29

Mild cases - > Castration - > Systemic antibiotics (enrofloxacin / TMS)

Question 30

How do you treat severe cases of prostatic abcess?

Answer 30

Supportive care Systemic antibiotics Prostatic drainage Castration

Question 31

What are the prostatic drainage procedures?

Answer 31

Marsupilzation -> create a prostatocutaenous stoma (high complications) Ventral drainage - penrose drain Omentalization (best method)

Question 32

Clinical saints associated with prostatic cysts?

Answer 32

Urinary incontinence and dysuria | Abdominal distention

Question 33

Diagnosis of prostatic cysts?

Answer 33

Abdominal palpation - mass Radiographs — caudal abdominal mass Contrast radiographs - elongated urethra Ultrasounds- double bladder FNA - brown watery fluid - no microorganisms

Question 34

Treatment for small prostatic cysts?

Answer 34

Surgical resection | Castration

Question 35

What is the treatment for large prostatic cysts/ urethral communication ?

Answer 35

Partial resection Drainage Omentalization Castration

Question 36

Most common type of prostatic neoplasia?

Answer 36

Adenocarcinoma TCC and SCC

Question 37

Clinical signs associated with prostatic neoplasia?

Answer 37

``` Dysuria Hematuria Straining to defecate Ribbon like feces Lameness due to metastasis Large asymmetrical prostate ```

Question 38

When is total prostatectomy indicated?

Answer 38

Early neoplasia Catheterize ureathra, place proximal and distal stay sutures Ligate blood supply End to end anastomosis

Question 39

What are the types of subtotal (partial) prostatectomy?

Answer 39

Extra capsular or intracapsular