Periodontal Disease Flashcards
(44 cards)
T/F: periodontal disease is the number one cause of tooth loss
True
What is the etiology of peridontal disease?
Acquired pellicle - thin layer of salivary proteins on the surface of the tooth to which bacteria attach
Plaque is a combination of bacteria, food, debris, oral epithelial cells, and mucin
Periodontal pockets
Calculus - mineralized plaque containing bacteria which release endotoxins causing gingivitis
Gingivitis - inflammatory process of gums
Periodontitis - inflammation and destruction of junctional epithelium and epithelial attachment at base of the gingival sulcus exposing periodontium
What diseases can exacerbate periodontal disease?
Neutrophil dysfuntion Diabetes mellitus Hyperadrenocortisim Autoimmune disease Feline viral disease (calicivirus) Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Periodontal disease as been implicated in the formation of what conditions?
Chronic nephritis
Hepatopathies
Endocarditis
—> due to chronic bacteria in circulation
T/F: periodontitis is reversible
False
Gingivitis is reversible
Periodontitis is irreversible —>gingival recession and destruction of periodontal ligament
Clinical signs of periodontal disease
Halitosis Accumulation of plaque and tartar Inflamed or bleeding gingiva Loose teeth Decreased appetite Oral discomfort
Stages of periodontal disease is based on what criteria?
Gingival appearance Sulcus (pocket) depth Attachment loss Furcation exposure Tooth mobility
The recession measurement PLUS ____________ equals the attachment loss in peridontal disease
Pocket depth
What is a pseudopocket?
Area of gingival hyperplasia increases probing depth but there is no loss of attachment from gingival hyperplasia
What what is thee periodontal index of a tooth with attachment loss of 10mm with a normal attachment of 50mm?
10/50 x 100 = 20%
This is a stage 2 tooth
What stage of furcation exposure will the probe enter greater than 1mm but not pass all the way through
Stage 2
At stage 3, the probe can pass horizontally through furcation
T/F: some degree of mobility to a tooth is normal
True
Physiologic mobility —> movment of tooth within the periodontal ligament space
What are the stages of tooth mobility??
Stage 0 = normal physiologic mobility (under 0.2mm)
Stage 1= mild pathologic mobility (0.2-0.5mm)
Stage 2= moderate (0.5-1mm)
Stage 3= >1mm or any axial movement
What is the normal sulcus depth in cats and dogs?
Dog 1-3mm
Cat 0-1mm
How would you stage this tooth?
Gingival tissue is firm and pink
Defined stippling
Normal sulcus depth
Stage 0- normal
How would you stage this tooth? Erythema Gingival swelling (loss of sharp margins) Gingiva bleed when probed Loss of stifling Normal sulcus depth
Stage 1 - gingivitis (reversible with proper home treatment)
How would you stage this tooth? Gingiva bleed when probed Normal -hyperplastic gingiva Minor pockets/gingival recession <25% attachment loss
Stage II - early periodontitis
Can be controlled but not completely reversed
How would you stage these teeth?
Gingival hyperplasia +/- recession (horizontal bone loss)
20-25% attachment loss - moderate deep pocket formation
Furcation exposure
Stage III- moderate periodontitis
How would you stage these teeth?
Gingival recession with horizontal bone loss and deep pockets with vertical bone loss
> 50% attachment loss
- furcation exposure
- advanced tooth mobility
Stage IV- advanced periodontitis
In a cat you have vertical pocket formation with granulation tissue and ostetitis. What is this called?
Feline buccal bone expansion
How do you treat periodontal disease?
Prevent new lesions and prevent further destruction (remove biofilm, minimize attachment loss and pocket depth, maintain adequate attached gingiva)
Home care - daily tooth brushing
Through dental cleaning - possible extractions or periodontal surge
Antibiotics ( required brushing to break up biofilm)
What systemic antibiotic therapy can be used to help control periodontal disease
Clindamycin
Clavamox
Metronidazole
Doxycycline
What local products are there for antibiotic therapy with periodontal disease?
Chlorhex spray, gel or rice
Doxirobe gel (dogs) Clindoral (dog and cat)
T/F: Oral speculum are necessary for cleaning in all patients
False
Hypodermic needle casing or syringe barrel preferred
Avoid mouth gags in cats —> opening mouth fully can compress maxillary artery causing ischemic injury
