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CABS GU > Male reproductive > Flashcards

Male reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hypospadius

Epispadius?

A

Urethra on ventral side of the penis

Urethra on dorsal side of the penis

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2
Q

What causes hypospadias

A

congenital abnormality that is androgen mediated

Urethra does not close appropriately

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3
Q

What happens during urination with hypospadias

A

Spraying of stream out the side of the penis

Wil have increased bed wetting / incomplete voiding

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4
Q

What are some effects of epispadias

A

incontinence, reflux, UTI

Severe cases can lead to bladder exstrophy

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5
Q

What is phimosis

A

inability to retract foreskin

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6
Q

What is paraphimosis

What can it lead to

A

Urologic emergency

Entrapment of the foreskin in the retracted position

Necrosis on the glans

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7
Q

How will someone with paraphimosis present

A

Painful and edematous prepuce
flaccid shaft

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8
Q

What can occur with phimosis

A

a fibrous scar tissue ring from the foreskin not retracting over the glans

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9
Q

What can cause phimosis

What may increase the risk of development

A

Skin conditions or blantitis leading to scaring and possible urinary obstruction

smegma buildup

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10
Q

Where in the body does the stimulus for an erection begin

A

hypothalamus

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11
Q

What physiologically occurs for an erection to form

A

Ach acts directly on the vasculature to increase NO = vasodilation and the erectile tissue will fill with blood

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12
Q

When does detumescence occur

A

when there is loss of NO

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13
Q

What is erectile dysfunction

A

inability of a man to maintain an erection sufficient for satisfying sexual activity

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14
Q

What are some underlying causes of ED

A

Issues with NO (DM/atherosclerosis)
Decreased testosterone
Neurologic
Endocrine dysfunction
psychological
medication SE

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15
Q

What is Peyronies disease

What does it cause

What disease is it associated with

A

Fibrous deposition within the tunica albuginea (dorsal aspect of penis)

Curved erection (15-20˚)

Dupuytren contracture

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16
Q

What is priapism

A

Erection> 4hr that is not associated with sexual stimulation

urologic emergency

17
Q

How can you treat priapism

A

Phenylepherine into the corpus cavernosum to allow for vasoconstriction of arteries so blood can flow out of the penis

18
Q

What does the glandular tissue in the prostate do

A

prostate specific antigen
cytokeratin
Contribute to ejaculation

19
Q

What is required for growth of the prostate

When does majority of the prostate grow

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

puberty - 30y/o

Grown again from 40-50y/o

20
Q

What metabolizes DHT

A

5a-reductase

21
Q

What causes BPH

Where is growth the largest during BPH

A

Dysregulation of hormone balance

periurethral gland site

22
Q

What are those with BPH at an increased risk for

A

hematuria
UTI
pyelonephritis
hydroureter
hydronephrosis

23
Q

What is acute bacterial prostatitis associated with

What is the presentation

A

assocaited with GI pathogens (E. Coli)
also associated with STI

enlarged, tender, boggy

pain worse with standing

24
Q

What is a hydrocele

A

tunica vaginalis envelopes testis and folds in on itself like a fist in balloon

Fluid develops between parietal / visceral layer

25
Q

What is the most common cause of scrotal swelling

Who is it common in

A

Hydrocele

newborns

26
Q

What is the cause of a primary hydrocele

Secondary?

A

Idiopathic

infection / trauma

Overall, generally d/t poorly functioning valves allowing for venous backflow

27
Q

What is a varicocele

What does it look like

What side is most common

A

Dilation of pampiniform plexus

bag of worms

Left

28
Q

What causes epididymitis in most people

In MSM population?

In those over 35?

A

STI (gonorrhea / trachomatis)

anal bacterial (E. coli / H. Flu/ TB)

enterobacter from intestinal flora

29
Q

What causes orchitis

What is it classically associated with

When does it occur

A

bacteremia or direct spread up the urethra, through the prostate, up the vas defrens, through the epidymis, and into the testes

mumps

begins 3-4 days after parotitis

30
Q

What causes testicular torsion

When will it occur

A

poor fixation of the lower pole of the testis

after exertion but can be spontaneous

may twist and untwist on its own

31
Q

What causes necrosis with testicular tortion

How quicly does it need to be treated

A

twisting of the testes AND spermatic cord

surgery Within 6 hours

32
Q

What causes a little blue dot on the testicle with testicular tortion

A

Necrosis of the testicular appendage
“little vesicular dingleberry”

CABS GU (7 decks)

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