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CABS GU > renal 1000ft view > Flashcards

renal 1000ft view Flashcards

1
Q

What is contained in the outer cortex of the kidney

A

glomeruli
proximal tubules
some of the distal tubule

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2
Q

What is contained within the inner medulla of the kidney

A

8-10 renal pyramids
renal pelvis
renal papilla

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3
Q

How many nephrons are within a kidney

Can they regenerate?

A

1.2 million/kidney

no

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4
Q

How much of the cardiac output goes to the kidney

A

20-25%

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5
Q

how many capillary beds to kidneys have

what are they

What separates them

A

2 set

glomerular, peritubular

efferent arterioles

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6
Q

What is the benefit of having 2 sets of capillary beds in the kidneys

A

it allows for better regulation of hydrostatic pressure

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7
Q

What occurs if the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries is too high

A

there will be rapid filtration and dumping

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8
Q

What occurs if the hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillaries is too low

A

fluid reabsorption

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9
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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10
Q

Where is the loop of Henle located

A

renal pyramid

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11
Q

What is included within the renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus
bowmans capsule
mesangial cells

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12
Q

what is the gllomerulus and where are they found

What is the hydrstatic pressure?

What are the vessels covered in

A

bunch of capillaries that loop together within the bowmans capsule

60mmHg

epithelial cells

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13
Q

What are the 2 layers of the bowmans capsule

A

Parietal epithelial (outer)
visceral epithelial

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14
Q

What within the visceral layer is responsible for creating a network of intracellular clefts

Why is this important

A

Podocytes

moderates filtration

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15
Q

What in the glomerulus prevents proteinuria

A

negative charge protein molecules

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16
Q

What is found within the filtration membrane of the glomerulus

A

basement membrane and podocytes

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17
Q

What type of cells make up the proximal convoluted tubule

A

cuboidal cells with brush border

18
Q

What is reabsorbed within the PCT

A

sodium and water

19
Q

Where is the concentration of urine primarily completed

A

LOH
distal tubules

20
Q

What is the number 1 protein found in urine and where is it made

Whats its job

A

Tamm-Horsfall
made in the LOH

Help prevent UTI

21
Q

When is the LOH permeable to water

what needs to be present

A

ADH

22
Q

Which part of the kidney has the contractile properties

A

Renal pelvis

23
Q

How big are the ureters

what type of muscle

A

3mm diameter
25-35cm in length

smooth

When stretched, will have peristalsis

24
Q

What innervates the ureters and where will pain be felt

A

10th thoracic N root
umbilicus

25
Q

Where does the bladder sit in kids compared to adults

A

kids: above symphysis
adults: in pelvis

26
Q

How are the muscles in the bladder organized

A

basket weave of smooth muscle

27
Q

Where do ureters connect to the bladder

A

posterior/inferior with trigone in between

28
Q

What stimulates micturition

A

urine volume in the bladder is above threshhold
*autonomic reflex

29
Q

How long is the urethra in males compared to females

what lines the urethra

A

3-4cm in women
18-20cm in men

uroepithelium

30
Q

What determines the GFR

A

Afferent and Efferent flow

31
Q

If the blood pressure is low, how do the afferent and efferent arterioles try to maintain the GFR

A

Afferent arteriole will dialate to get more blood into the glomerulus and the efferent will constrict so the blood will stay in the glomerulus longer

32
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus

What kind of cells make this up

A

area where the afferent arteriole is in contact with the ascending LOH

Senses blood pressure and will help regulate renin release

Granular cells - sense stretch

Macula densa- helps with renin

33
Q

What is the Macula Densa

Where is it found

A

chief cells within the kidney, playing key sensory and regulatory functions in the maintenance of body fluid, electrolyte homeostasis, and blood pressure.

Marks the end of the ascending thick LOH

34
Q

What does the Macula Densa do

A

Monitor NaCl concentration in DCT

*if it decreases renin will be released

35
Q

What type of cells within the Kidney release Renin

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

36
Q

How does Adenosine effect BP

A

causes vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole = lower BP flow into glomerular capillaries = decrease GFR

37
Q

What is responsible for vasodilation of both afferent and efferent arterioles

A

Nitric oxide

38
Q

What does the Macular densa release to help regulate BP

A

Adenosine = vasoconstriction
Nitric Oxide = Vasodilation

39
Q

What does a systemic decrease in BP cause

what is released

A

Baroreceptors become stimulated and catecholamines will be released

40
Q

What hormone can be released in times on low BP to help increase the metabolism of catecholamines

A

Renalase

CABS GU (7 decks)

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