male reproductive Flashcards
(28 cards)
what is the main reproductive organ
testes
sertoli cells
secrete inhibin: inhibits the pituitary secretion of FSH
primary site of androgen production
leydig cells in the seminiferous tubules
male reproductive hormones are
testosterone
dihydrotestosterone
estradiol
dehydroepiandrosterone
testosterone
sexual differenciation
promotes sexual maturity
promotes bone density, muscle mass and strength, fat distribution
DHT
more potent version of testosterone
- development of male characteristics
estradiol
essential for modulating spermatogenesis, erectile dysfunction, and libido
DHEA
produce androgens
androgen transport in the blood
free circulating or protein bound (sex hormone binding globulin: low capacity high affinity)
bioavailable testosterone are
freely circulating and albumin bound
testosterone is influences by what hormones
FSH and LH from the pituitary
true or false testosterone metabolites are secreted in the plasma
F: it is in the urine
hypogonadism
inability to produce testosterone or sperm or both
male hormone regulation cascade
- hypothalamus release gonadotropin releasing hormone
- pituitary gland releases FSH and LH
- FSH to sertoli cells in seminferous tubules which produce estrogen and inhibin
- LH goes to leydig cells which make testoserone
why is there a decline of testosterone when you get older
decrease number of leydig cells
increase GnRH pulse
increase in SHBG
male hypogonadism in testosterone
- increased bone density
- increased muscle mass
- increased skin thickness
- increased RBC mass
- libido
- potency
- fertility
androgen deficiency regarding male hypogonadism
- osteopenia/ osteoporosis
- proximal muscle wasting
- fine wrinkling in the face
- pallor, anemia
- decreased endurance
- erectile dysfunction
- infertility
- low energy
- decreased body hair
- obesity
male hypogonadism pre puberty
fetus: ambiguous genitalia, male psudohermaphroditism
prepubertal:
- poor secondary sexual development
- small but firm or rubbery testes
- eunuchoid body habitus
male hypogonadism - late puberty
constitutional delay
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
defects in the hypothalamus or pituitary prevent normal gonadal stimulation
- tumors
- hypothalamic dysfunction
pituitary disordersK
Kallman’s syndrome
deficiency of GnRH during embryonic development
anosmia
autosomal dom inheritance
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism clinical evaluation
- primary testicular failure (acquired or chromosomal defects: klinefelters syndrome increased FSH LH decreased testosterone
- defective androgen synthesis
- testicular agenesis
- seminiferous tubule disease
androgen insensitivity syndrome
- mutations in the androgen receptor gene
- complete or partial depending on receptor function
complete AIS
male karyotype with female genitalia
testes are intra abdominally
circulating concentration of testosterone is greater than healthy males
concentrations of LH are increased
