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ANSC 3040 - Animal Reproduction > Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Male repro tract

A

manufactures and delivers sperm, also synthesizes and secretes androgens

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2
Q

Excurrent Duct System

A

ducts that bring scrotum from testes to penis (ductus deferens)

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3
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

Suspends testes in scrotum via inguinal canal, provides pathway for vascular supply (testicular artery + pampiniform plexus), lymph, and ductus deferens

-contributes to regulation for temperature and concentration of testosterone in testes

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4
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

Significantly reduced when testicular artery enters the spermatic cord so that countercurrent exchange of heat and testosterone can occur

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5
Q

Testicular vein

A

Surrounds testicular artery as pampiniform plexus

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6
Q

Ductus deferens

A

sperm transport

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7
Q

Cremaster Muscle

A

Supports testes and aids in blood flow, somatic muscle that is continuous with internal abdominal oblique muscles

-intermittent contractions causing pumping on pampiniform plexus, improving venous return + aids heat exchange + thermoregulation of testes

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8
Q

Scrotum

A

Functions as a temperature sensor & regulator, protects and supports testes

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9
Q

Scrotum Skin

A

Many sympathetic thermosensitive neurons, minimal fat and hair. The neurons signal temp changes to brain signaling sweat glands in scrotum to increase production and respiratory muscles to breathe more

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10
Q

Tunica Dartos

A

Smooth layer, capable of maintaining strained contractions, changes scrotal location relative to body

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11
Q

Scrotal fascia

A

supportive layer

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12
Q

Parietal vaginal tunic

A

prevents adhesions, maintains free floating testes

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13
Q

Scrotal cooling

A

Essential to maintain proper spermatogenesis and keep sperm viable

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14
Q

Chronic Hypothermia

A

Caused by high environmental temp, excess fat in scrotum and spermatic cord, inflammation from infections or injury, or frost damage of scrotum

-reduces spermatogenesis, damaged DNA of sperm, reduced fertilization capacity

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15
Q

Testes

A

Primary reproductive organs that produce sperm, hormones, and tubular fluid (transports sperm)

-vary in size & shape amongst species but share 4 common basic structures

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16
Q

Testicular Capsule

A

Double layered covering of testes

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17
Q

Visceral vaginal tunic

A

outer layer of testis

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18
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Connective tissue with smooth muscle, directly under visceral tunic

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19
Q

Parenchyma

A

Functional tissue, 70% of cellular mass in testes
- 2 compartments

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20
Q

Tubular compartment

A

Seminiferous tubules, further divides

21
Q

Seminiferous epithelium

A

Divided into basal and adluminal compartments, germ and sertoli cells

22
Q

Basal & Adluminal Compartments

A

Basal - basal lamina to sertoli cells junctions
Adluminal - cell junctions to tubular lumen

23
Q

Sertoli cells

A
  • somatic “nurse” cells for sperm with TSH and T receptors
  • secrete androgen-binding protein, sulfates glycoproteins, transferrin, inhibin and fluids
  • positively associated with sperm production
24
Q

Peritubular cells

A

Form basal compartment, surround seminiferous tubules and form basement membrane to seperate tubular and interstitial compartments

25
Q

Blood-testis barrier

A

Prevents immune cells and Ig from entering adluminal compartment and so prevents autoimmune reactions from destroying germ cells

26
Q

Leydig cells

A

Have receptors for LH and produce testosterone

27
Q

Mediastinum

A

Central connective tissue core of testis, houses & connects rete testis to efferent ducts

28
Q

Rete tubules/testis

A

Small channels through which sperm leaves testes

  • drain seminiferous tubules, aided by contraction of testicular capsule and peritubular cells
29
Q

Excurrent duct system

A

Site of final maturation, storage, and delivery of spermatozoa

30
Q

Efferent ducts

A

Convey newly formed spermatozoa and tubular fluid to epididymal duct, converge to form single duct

31
Q

Epididymis

A

Gradual maturation of sperm, acquisition of motility and fertility, storage of sperm (9-14 day transit)

-surrounded by smooth muscle layer which contracts rhythmically to move sperm

32
Q

Ductus Deferens

A

Convey stored spermatozoa from tail of epididymis to urethra via smooth muscle contractions until ampulla

33
Q

Head of epididymis

A

Spermatozoa are immotile, infertile, and have a proximal cytoplasmic droplet and low disulfide crosslinking

  • cytoplasm moves down tail as sperm matures
34
Q

Body of epididymis

A

Sperm have some fertility and motility, are capable of binding to oocyte, have a translocating cytoplasmic droplet and have moderate disulfide crosslinking

35
Q

Tail of epididymis

A

Sperm have normal fertility and motility, bind oocytes, have lost distal droplet, high degree of crosslinking

36
Q

Accessory sex glands

A

Produce seminal plasma, a fluid for delivery and support of sperm

37
Q

Vesicular glands

A

Paired glands dorsal-cranial to pelvic urethra, absent in dogs and toms

-vesicular secretions are medium in which sperm is carried

38
Q

Ampulla

A

Enlargement of ductus deferens near bladder

  • large in stallion, medium in bulls, small or absent in boars
39
Q

Prostate gland

A

Close to junction of bladder and pelvic urethra

-only accessory sex gland in dogs

40
Q

Bulbourethral gland

A

Paired glands near ischial arch

41
Q

Penis function

A

Functions as a copulatory organ and a duct for urine, composed of 3 parts

42
Q

Base of penis

A

Attached to ischial arch

43
Q

Shaft of penis

A

Main portion of penis and point of attachment for retractor penis muscles

  • composed of erectile tissue
44
Q

Fibroelastic penis

A

Has a sigmoid flexure (S-shape) of shaft; erections cause increase in length but not width due to non-expandable connective tissue surrounding erectile tissues

45
Q

Musculocavernous/vascular penis

A

Changes in length and diameter during erection, contain large areas of erectile tissue

46
Q

Glans penis

A

Distal end of penis is highly populated with sensory nerves to stimulate ejaculation

47
Q

Urethralis mm (UM)

A

Thick striated muscle that surrounds pelvic urethra and contracts to help movement of sperm to penis urethra

48
Q

Ischiocavernosus muscle (IcM)

A

Paired muscle in root of penis (keeps penis in place) that connects pelvic urethra and penis with ischial arch

49
Q

Bulbospongiosus muscle (BsM)

A

Overlaps root and extends ventrally, helps empty extrapelvic part of urethra

ANSC 3040 - Animal Reproduction (20 decks)

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