Male Reproductive Chap 32

Question 1

Male reproductive system is comprised of

Answer 1

a) Penis
b) Testes
c) Genital ducts
d) Accessory glands

Question 2

Male reproduct function

Answer 2

Hormone and sperm production

Question 3

Spermatogenesis: 4 sperm cells

Answer 3

Spermatogonium (2N) -> 1 prime spermatocyyte (2N) - > 2 prime spermatocyte (N) - > Spermatid (N) - > Sperm (N)

Question 4

Temperature regulation of spermatogenesis

Answer 4

Occurs only below 37 C. 34 C is maintained in the scrotal sac.

Question 5

Testes consist of

Answer 5

Seminiferous tubules. Spermatozoa form here. These tubules are surrounded by loose connective tissue rich in blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and Leydig cells.

Question 6

Leydig cells produce

Answer 6

Testosterone

Question 7

2 types of cells in the seminiferous epithelium

Answer 7

Spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells

Question 8

Sertoli cells

Answer 8

“Nurse cells”. Protect, support, and give nourishment to the spermatogenic cells. Phaocytosize cytoplasm eliminated during sperm production.

Question 9

Testosterone Synthesis occurs

Answer 9

Puberty in males, then hypothalamus begins production GnRH.

Question 10

GnRH tells the _______ pituitary gland to release __ and __.

Answer 10

Anterior pituary gland to release LH and FSH.

Question 11

LH causes the ____ cells to secrete _____ in males

Answer 11

Leydig, testosterone

Question 12

FSH binds to the _____ cells and aids in ______ in males

Answer 12

Sertoli cells, spermatogenesis.

Question 13

Negative feedback mechanism in males reproductive

Answer 13

Elevated levels of testosterone inhibit the secretion of GnRH.
High sperm counts also induces sertoli cells to secrete inhibin which inhibits production of FSH.

Question 14

Epididymis

Answer 14

Mature of sperm. Sperm attains maturation, motility, and membrane receptors for the zona pellucida protein (acrosomal maturation).

Question 15

Prostate gland

Answer 15

Secretes and stores significant contribution to the seminal fluid. White, slightly alkaline fluid that makes up a portion of the semen. Semen is made alkaline to help neutralize acidity of the vaginal tract.
Smooth muscle

Question 16

PSA - Prostate specific antigen

Answer 16

Secreted in blood. PSA conc increases during malignancy. One possible treatment is to remove the testes the main source of testosterone and administer estrogen.

Question 17

Vas deferens

Answer 17

Tube that conveys the sperm to the ejaculatory duct. Which empties into the urethra.

Question 18

Male accessory glands

Answer 18

A) Bulbourethral or Cowper’s glands

B) Seminal Vesicles

Question 19

Seminal Vesicles (paired structure)

Answer 19

60% of semen volume. Contains, aa, proteins, prostaglands, Vit C, but fructose is the main constituent. Fructose i the fuel needed for motile sperm.

Question 20

Bulbourethral Gland

Answer 20

Secretes thick mucus that aids in neutralizing acidic urine in the urethra, and aids in lubricating urethral lining.
Fluid from these glands are release in response to sexual stim. Can carry some sperm, thus pregnancy from this fluid alone is possible.
pH 7.5

Question 21

Mature Sperm Head

Answer 21

Contains nucleus and small part of the acrosome. The acrosome contains digestive enzymes hyaluronidase and arcrosin to break down the zona pellucida. This will allow haploid sperm and haploid egg to join in syngamy. A zygote is totipotent.

Question 22

Exocytosis from the acrosome.

Answer 22

The acrosome is an organelle derived from the Golgi apparatus.

Question 23

Process of fertilization involves

Answer 23

1) Acrosomal reaction: Hydrolytic enzyme release
2) Cortical reaction: hardening of jelly coat to prevent potential polyspermy
3) Capacitation: Biochemical changes which allow for sperm to swim better

Question 24

Neck

Answer 24

Contains sperm cnetrioles and connects head to the midpiece

Question 25

Midpiece

Answer 25

Contains many mitochondria that provide energy for sperm movement

Question 26

Tail

Answer 26

Flagellum with 9 +2 microtubule arrangement. Flagellum movement requires ATP, microtubulues, dynein (motor protein with ATPase activity).

Question 27

Inside cilia and flagella is a microtubulue

Answer 27

9+ 2 with a cytoskeleton called axoneme.

Question 28

Leydig cells are steroid producing cells

Answer 28

Large accumulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and a well developed Golgi Apparatus.

Question 29

Testosterone

Answer 29

Involved in muscle growth, development of male secondary sex characteristics such as growth of male genitalia, increased body hair, thickening of skin, thickening vocal chords, and something decreased growth of hair on scalp. After 25 years, gradual decline in testosterone levels occur.

Question 30

Precursor for testosterone

Answer 30

Cholesterol

Question 31

Androgens

Answer 31

Class of homrones. Include Testosterone, Androstenedione, Dehydroepiendrosterone (DHEA): early pubic heath growth, increased oiliness of skin and acne