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Histology - OMS 1 > Male Reproductive Histo > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Histo Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of the testes

A
  • Sperm production
  • Endocrine glands (testosterone synthesis, storage and secretion)
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2
Q

Mediastinum testis

A

Thickened posterior portion of the Tunica albuginea possessing a rete testes

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3
Q

Rete testis

A

Series of spaces that serve as a conduit for passage of sperm

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4
Q

seminiferous tubules is the site of ______.

A

spermatozoa production

(picture: TA= tunica albuginea, TV=tunica vaginalis, BV = blood vessel, L=lumen of ST)

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5
Q

In the seminiferous tubules, the youngest cells form the ___ layer and the more mature germ cells lie in the _____.

A
  • basal (outermost)
  • aduminal compartment (closer to center)
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6
Q
A

seminferous tubules

(stratified epithelieum w/spermatogenic and sertoli cells)

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7
Q

The 3 phases of spermatogenesis

A
  • Spermatocytogenesis (mitosis)
  • Meiosis
  • Spermiogenesis (differentiation)
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8
Q

Spermatocytogenesis ends when the ____ is generated. Spermiogenesis begins with ____.

A
  • primary spermatid
  • spermatis
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9
Q

Type A spermatogonia

A
  • Mitotic stem cells of the sperm lineage
  • Flat, oval nucleus
  • give rise to type A & B spermatogonia
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10
Q

Type B Spermatogonia

A
  • undergo mitosis
  • give rise to primary spermatocytes
  • round, pale nucleus
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11
Q

Primary spermatocytes are formed by _____.

A

mitosis of type B spermatogonia

(largest nucleus of any cells in the sperm lineage)

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12
Q

When do secondary spermatocytes enter the 2nd meiotic division?

A

Almost immediately

(Very few are observed in histologic examination)

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13
Q

Spermatids are formed by which event?

A

2nd meiotic divison

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Define spermiogenesis

A

differentiation process that mature spermatozoa

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16
Q

Is cell division involved in spermiogenesis?

A

No

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17
Q

As long as the spermatids remain attached to Sertoli cells, they are considered _____.

A

spermatids

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18
Q

Major changes that occur in spermiogenesis:

A
  • Acrosome formation
  • Condensation of nuclear material
  • Flagellum formation
  • Shedding of excess cytoplasm
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19
Q

Acrosome function

A
  • facilitates fertilization
  • enzymes (proteolytic, hyaluronidase) separate corono radiata and penetrate zona pellucida
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20
Q

Flagella motion is generation in the _____ of sperm.

A

middle piece

(also stores mitochondria)

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21
Q

function of seminiferous tubules

A

spermatozoa production

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22
Q

3 stages of spermatogenesis:

A
  • spermatocytogenesis (mitosis)
  • meiosis
  • spermiogenesis
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23
Q

Sertoli cells functions

A
  • support of developing sperm cells
  • fluid secretion (propels spermatozoa)
  • phagocytosis of excess cytoplasm
  • androgen binding protein (ABP)
  • blood-tesis barrer
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24
Q

Histologic characteristic of sertoli cells

A
  • basal distinct nucleus
  • pale, oval or triangular
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25
FSH from the anterior pituitary induces synthesis of ____ by the Sertoli cells
ABP
26
blood testis barrier
tight junctions (zona occludens) joining adjacent Sertoli cells near their base
27
2 concentric compartments formed by the blood-testis barrier tight junctions
* basal compartment: between tight junctions & epithelial basal lamina * adluminal compartment
28
Function of the blood-testis barrier
protects sperm cells from the immune system
29
30
Leydig cells are located within the _____ of the testes
interstitium (outside of seminiferous tubule)
31
Leydig cells secrete ____ .
testosterone | (stimulated by LH from gonadotrophs)
32
Efferent ducts
exit the testis and lie on the testis surface
33
Effect ducts consist of _____ & _____ epithelium
* simple w/ciliated columnar cells in patches * cuboidal w/nonciliated patches to reabsorb fluid (lined w/psudostratified columnar epithelium- in micrograph)
34
Rete Testis in Mediastinum
35
36
Efferent ductules surrounded by smooth muscle cells (spermatozoa are the \*)
37
\_\_\_\_\_\_ epithelium lines the epididymis
Pseudostratified (often appears as simple columnar)
38
epididymis consists of 2 cell types:
principal basal
39
Signature histological feature of principal cells of the epididymis
stereocilia on the apical surfaces (long branched microvili)
40
How are spermatozoa propelled through the epididymis?
circularly-arranged smooth muscle surrounds CNT → peristaltic contraction
41
epididymis
42
Describe the lumen of the vas deferens (ductus deferens).
small & irregular
43
The vas deferens is lined with ______ epithelium.
pseudostratified columnar (with stereocilia) (similar to the epididymis except the principal cells are shorter)
44
How are spermatozoa propelled through the vas deferens?
3 layers of thick smooth muscle (heavily innervated)
45
vas deferens
46
Lumen of the seminal vesicals are lined by _____ epithelium.
pseudostratified columnar (cells vary in height in proportion to blood testosterone levels)
47
seminal vesicles (arrows = folding (left) & basal cells (right), SM = smooth m.)
48
List the glands that make up the prostate gland.
* Mucosal * Submucosal * Main prostatic
49
The glands within the prostate gland are lined w/\_\_\_\_\_ epithelium.
pseudostratified columnar
50
Prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea)
* CaPO4 based accumulations * precipitated secretory components * **increase with age**
51
secretions from the prostate gland
serous fluid with nutriets for spermatozoa (lipids, citric acid) and enzymes (fibrinolysin: liquifies semen)
52
Zones of the prostate gland
* transitional * periurethral * central * peripheral
53
(concretions may become calcified)
54
Bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands)
* paired glands at the end of the penis * secrete viscous mucous-like lubricant (precedes ejaculate)
55
Urethral glands (glands of Littre) location & secretion:
location: along the urethra secretion: lubricates urethral epithelium (protects from urine)
56
Epithelium of the penis
stratified columnar to stratified squamous nonkeritinized
57
3 columns of erectile tissue of the penis:
* 2 corpora cavernosa (dorsal) * 1 corpus spongiousum (ventral)
58
epithelium of the penile urethra
stratified columnar to stratified squamous, nonkeritinized epithelium
59
corpus spongiosum & urethra
60
subendothelial cushions formed by the smooth muscles of the corpus sponsiosum

Histology - OMS 1 (16 decks)

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