Pituitary Gland

Question 1

The anterior pituitary lobe originates from the _____ and the posterior pituitary lobe originates from the _____.

Answer 1

• oropharynx ectoderm
• neuroectoderm

Question 2

Answer 2

V= 3rd ventricle

O = optic Chiasm

H = connected to hypothalamus

P = stalk/infundibulim

AP = anterior pituitary

PP = posterior pituitary

Question 3

Pars distalis is also known as the _____.

Answer 3

anterior lobe

Question 4

Cell types of the pars distalis AKA anterior lobe of the pituitary

Answer 4

• Chromaphils (acidophils & basophils)
• Chromophobes
• Follicular stellate cells

Question 5

What are the acidophilic chroma cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary AKA pars distalis?

Answer 5

• Somatotrophs
• mammotrophs

Question 6

What are the basophilic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary AKA pars distalis?

Answer 6

• corticotrophs
• thyrotrophs
• gonadotrophs

Question 7

Somatotrophs secrete ___.

Answer 7

growth hormone AKA somatotropin.

(well organized RAR with secretory granules. Unable to see under light microscopy

Question 8

Mammut ropes AKA lactotrophs secrete _____.

Answer 8

prolactin

(development of mammary gland during pregnancy for most lactation after birth)

Question 9

Basophils (subcategory of chromophils) of the pars distalis are:

Answer 9

• Gonadotrophs (FSH, LH)
• Corticotrophs (ACTH)
• Thyrotrophs (TSH)

Question 10

Function of LH in women? In men?

Answer 10

• Triggers ovulation
• Stimulates steroid hormone production in the Leydig cells

Question 11

Folliculostellate cells

Answer 11

• Non secretory cells of the pars distalis AKA anterior lobe
• Function is unknown

Question 12

Answer 12

B = basophil (chromophil)

A = acidophil (chromophil)

Ca = capillary

Cp = chromophobe

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Type of capillaries in a pituitary

Answer 14

fenestrated capillaries

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Pars intermedia

CF= colloid

(Toluidine blue-stained)

Question 19

Sounds of the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland secretes ______.

Answer 19

melanocyte stimulating hormone

(function is unknown)

Question 20

Define pars tuberalis

Answer 20

• Forms a sleeve around infundibulum
• Highly vascularized composed of longitudinal chords of weekly Baeza feel like cells

Question 21

Function of pars tuberalis

Answer 21

Secrete LH and FSH (basophils)

Question 22

What is the result of a tumor that presses on the optic chiasm?

Answer 22

Bitemporal hemianopia

Question 23

The pars nervosa is also known as the ______.

Answer 23

posterior pituitary gland

Question 24

Herring body

Answer 24

Accumulation of neuro secretory granules in the dilated axon terminals

(unique to the pars nervosa)

Question 25

What is the difference between oxytocin and prolactin in terms of lactation?

Answer 25

* **P**rolactin stimulates milk **p**roduction * Oxytocin stimulates mammary gland myoepithelial cells milk ejection

Question 26

Neurophysin

Answer 26

Binding protein specific for the hormones of the neuro secretory granules

Question 27

Function of pituicytes

Answer 27

Support on myelinated nerve fibers and pars nervosa (Resembles neuroglial cell; possess cytoplasmic processes that terminate in the perivascular space) (BV= blood vessel; HB = Herring body; N = Nuclei)

Question 28

Divisions of the neural hypothesis

Answer 28

* Pars nervosa * Infundibulum * Median eminence

Question 29

Neurosecretory hormones are synthesized by hypothalamic neurons and stored in the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 29

median eminence

Question 30

Describe the blood flow to the pituitary.

Answer 30

Superior hypophyseal artery → primary capillary plexus → hypophyseal portal system → secondary capillary plexus (hormones are released into the primary capillary plexus then carried to the secondary capillary plexus via the hypophyseal portal)

Question 31

Answer 31