Male Reproductive Physiology (Lec 20)

Question 1

In regards to spermatogenesis, pimordial germ cells migrate into future testes and become ____

Answer 1

spermatogonia

Question 2

In regards to spermatogenesis, spermatogonia begin mitotic division at puberty and become ___ ___

Answer 2

primary spermatocytes

Question 3

In regards to spermatogenesis, primary spermatocytes complete the first half of meiosis and become ___ ___

Answer 3

secondary spermatocytes

Question 4

In regards to spermatogenesis, secondary spermatocytes complete the second half of meiosis and become ____

Answer 4

spermatids

Question 5

In regards to spermatogenesis, spermatids undergo differentation to become ___

Answer 5

sperm

Question 6

Where are Sertoli cells located?

Answer 6

within the seminiferous tubules

Question 7

____ cells act as nurse cells that surround primary spermatocytes and “nurse” them through the process of spermatogenesis and spermatogenesis

Answer 7

Sertoli

Question 8

Sertoli cells form estrogens from what?

Answer 8

testosterone

note: thought to be important for spermiogenesis

Question 9

In regards to spermiogenesis, roacrosomal vesicles coalesce to form ____ which contains hyaluronidase and proteolytic enzymes

Answer 9

acrosome

Question 10

In regards to spermiogenesis, the acrosome caps what?

Answer 10

nucleus

Question 11

In regards to spermiogenesis, ____ migrate to side of nucleus opposite of acrosome

Answer 11

centrioles

Question 12

In regards to spermiogenesis, distal centriole begins to organize ____

Answer 12

flagellum

Question 13

In regards to spermiogenesis, mitochondria move to base of forming flagellum and do what?

Answer 13

wrap around it

Question 14

In regards to spermiogenesis, what happens to excess cytoplasm?

Answer 14

it sloughs off and forms residual body

Question 15

In regards to spermiogenesis, sperm cells are stored in ___ until ejaculated

Answer 15

epididymis

Question 16

In regards to spermiogenesis, sperm cells must remain in epididymis for a minimum of ___ to ___ hours in order to gain motility

Answer 16

18 - 24

Question 17

In regards to spermiogenesis, passage through the epididymis takes how long?

Answer 17

several days

Question 18

Name the following cell:

found in interstitial spaces in testes; secrete testosterone; stimulated by luteinizing hormone secreted by AP

Answer 18

cells of leydig

Question 19

Each seminal vesicle is a located tube lined with what?

Answer 19

secretory epithelium

Question 20

Seminal vesicles secrete a mucoid material that contains what?

Answer 20

fructose, citric acid, additional nutrients, prostaglandins, fibrinogen

Question 21

During emission and ejaculation, the contents of seminal vesicles are emptied into ejaculatory ducts containing what? What percentage of total volume of the semen?

Answer 21

sperm; 60%

Question 22

Fructose provides energy for sperm. True or false?

Answer 22

true

Question 23

____ make cervical mucous more receptive to sperm movement and may cause retro-peristaltic contractions of uterus and fallopian tubes

Answer 23

prostaglandins

Question 24

The prostate gland is responsible for what percentage of the total amount of semen?

Answer 24

30%

Question 25

Describe the fluid produced by the prostate gland

Answer 25

milky; contains calcium, citrate ions, phosphate ions, clotting enzyme, and profibrinolysin

Question 26

True or false? | The prostate gland produces slightly acidic fluid

Answer 26

false; alkaline note: may help to neutralize acidity of other seminal fluids

Question 27

Any steroid hormone that has masculinizing effects is considered an ___

Answer 27

androgen

Question 28

Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and androstenedione are all considered what?

Answer 28

androgens

Question 29

Where are androgens synthesized and what are the synthesized from?

Answer 29

testes & adrenal glands; cholesterol & acetyl-coA

Question 30

Testosterone is formed by interstitial cells of ___

Answer 30

leydig

Question 31

Testosterone is formed by interstitial cells of ___

Answer 31

leydig

Question 32

After secretion, 97% of testosterone is loosely bound with ___ or tightly bound with __ ___

Answer 32

albumin; beta globulin

Question 33

Testosterone, after secretion, circulates in blood for how long?

Answer 33

30 min to several hours

Question 34

Testosterone that enters tissues is mostly converted to ____, especially in prostate and in fetal external genitalia

Answer 34

dihyrotestosterone

Question 35

Testosterone that is not fixed in tissues is converted in liver to what?

Answer 35

androsterone and dehydroepiandrosterone

Question 36

Testosterone that is not fixed in tissues is conjugated as either ___ or ___

Answer 36

glucoronides or sulfates

Question 37

Testosterone that is not fixed in tissues is excreted into gut via __ or ___ via kidneys

Answer 37

bile or urine

Question 38

True or false? One of the functions of testosterone is responsible for male hair pattern growth

Answer 38

true note: associated with baldness

Question 39

Testosterone is responsible for hypertrophy of ___

Answer 39

larynx

Question 40

Testosterone is responsible for increased skin ___ and secretion rate of ___ glands

Answer 40

thickness; sebaceous

Question 41

Testosterone is responsible for increased BMR and hematocrit. True or false?

Answer 41

true

Question 42

Testosterone ___ reabsorption of sodium in distal kidney tubules

Answer 42

increases

Question 43

Testosterone ___ reabsorption of sodium in distal kidney tubules

Answer 43

increases

Question 44

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is produced by neurons located in ___ nuclei of the hypothalamus

Answer 44

arcuate

Question 45

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is transported to AP via what system?

Answer 45

hypothalamic-hypophyseal

Question 46

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates AP to produce __ and __

Answer 46

LH and FSH

Question 47

LH is a glycoprotein that activates cAMP second messenger system in target tissue. True or false?

Answer 47

true

Question 48

LH causes ___ cells to secrete testosterone

Answer 48

leydig note: testosterone has negative feedback effect on hypothalamus

Question 49

Inhibin is secreted by ___ cells

Answer 49

Sertoli

Question 50

Inhibin inhibits secretion of __ by AP

Answer 50

FSH