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CTO Post-Quiz 5 > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Components of male reproductive system (4)

A

(1) testis (2) genital ducts (3) accessory sex glands (4) penis

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2
Q

main functions of testes (2)

A

(1) production of spermatozoa (2) production of androgenic hormones

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3
Q

structure of testes

A

~250 lobules separated by incomplete septa, all surrounded by tunica albugenia

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4
Q

tunica albuginea

A

dense connective tissue capsule around testes

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5
Q

Veins draining testes are called…

A

pampiniform plexus

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6
Q

lobules contain…

A

1-4 seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

flow of material in semiferous tubules out of the body

A

seminiferous tubules –> straight tubules –> rete testes –> efferent ductules –> epididymus –> ductus deferens

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8
Q

rete testis

A

loose connective tissue containing nerves, vessels, and interstitial cells

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9
Q

spermatogenesis - where does it occur?

A

in complex epithelium of seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

production of spermatids

A

spermatogonium -> progenitor spermatocytes -> primary spermatocytes -> secondary spermatocytes -> spermatids!

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11
Q

where are spermatogonium located?

A

on periphery near basement membrane

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12
Q

primary spermatocytes

A

diploid; go through meiosis I to become secondary spermatocytes; must migrate through sertoli cell tight junctions from basal to luminal domain to undergo the rest of spermatogenesis

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13
Q

secondary spermatocytes

A

haploid w/ 2 chromatids; go through meiosis II to become spermatids; barely ever see these b/c they go through this phase rapidly

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14
Q

speratids

A

round nuclei; haploid; do not divide further, just mature through spermiogenesis

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15
Q

spermiogenesis

A

spermatids -> spermatozoa

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16
Q

sertoli cells

A

non-replicating, located in epithelium of seminiferous tubule attached to basal lamina; nurture development of spermatozoa

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17
Q

spermatogonia - how do they mature

A

undergo cell division through mitosis ->

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18
Q

Sertoli cell appearance

A

euchromatic nuclei, distinct nucleus

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19
Q

blood-testes barrier

A

formed by tight junctions b/t basolateral margins of adjacent Sertoli cells; large molecules can’t cross barrier

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20
Q

cytoplasmic bridges

A

exist between daughter cells of one progenitor spermatocyte b/f spermiogenesis maturation into mature spermatozoa

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21
Q

why do primary spermatocytes need to migrate through Sertoli cell tight junctions?

A

Primary spermatocytes must leave basal domain –> luminal domain to be protected from immunological attack; spermatids are haploid and would be recognized as foreign

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22
Q

peritubular/myoid cells

A

SM-like cells in basal compartment of seminiferous tubules that can weakly contract the seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

spermiogenesis- basics

A

spermatid –> mature spermatozoa

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24
Q

process of spermiogenesis (4 parts)

A

(1) formation of acrosome (2) nuclear condensation and elongation (3) development of flagellum (4) loss of cytoplasm

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25
spermiogenesis - formation of acrosome
contains hydrolytic enzymes that permit sperm to penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida of ovum
26
spermiogenesis - nuclear condensation and elongation
occurs in direction of base of seminferous tubule
27
spermiogenesis - development of flagellum and loss of cytoplasm
flagella project into lumen of seminiferous tubules during development; mitochondria spiral around proximal end of flagellum to provide energy; excess cytoplasm is shed as residual bodies and phagocytosed by Sertoli cells
28
residual bodies
excess cytoplasm shed during spermiogenesis; phagocytosed by Sertoli cells
29
Leydig cells
in loose interstitial tissue b/t seminiferous tubules; have lots of SER; synthesize testosterone
30
Role of testosterone in early gestation
development of male gonads
31
role of testosterone in puberty and adult (4)
under influence of LH: (1) development/maintenance of spermatogenesis (2) secondary sexual characteristics (3) accessory sex gland secretions (4) genital ducts
32
Anterior pituitary hormone control relevant to male reproduction
Gonadotrophs (basophils) in anterior pituitary secrete FSH and LH
33
FSH
secreted by anterior pituitary; acts on Sertoli cells in epithelium of seminiferous tubules --> sertoli cells make and secrete androgen binding protein (ABP)
34
ABP
made by Sertoli cells under stimulation of FSH; necessary for the correct maturation of sperm b/c it helps concentrate testosterone in luminal compartments of seminal vesicles
35
LH
secreted by anterior pituitary; acts on Leydig cells --> causes them to manufacture testosterone
36
straight tubules epithelium
simple cuboidal
37
rete testis epithelium
simple cuboidal
38
efferent ductules epithelium
partially ciliated epithelium
39
Epididymus
highly coiled structure on posterior aspect of testes; place where sperm develop motility
40
epididymus lining/epithelium
pseudostratified columnar w/ long stereocilia
41
how are sperm released from epididymus?
sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in wall of epididymus during emission
42
ductus deferens epithelium
similar to epididymus (pseudostratified columnar w/ long stereocilia) but w/ thicker wall
43
seminal vesicles structure and epithelium
convoluted glandular mucosa covered by pseudostratified epithelium; epithelium produces fructose-rich secretion for energy for spermatozoa
44
SM of seminal vesicles: location and function
in stroma of seminal vesicles; pushes seminal fluid into ejaculatory duct during emission
45
ejaculatory duct
runs through prostate gland, exits through prostatic urethra
46
bulbourethral gland
mucus secretions drain into penile urethra
47
3 portions of urethra
prostatic, membranous, penile
48
penile urethra epithelium
stratified columnar --> stratified squamous distally; contains urethral glands of Littre
49
prostate gland structure
collection of tubuloalveolar glands w/ simple or pseudostratified columnar epithelium; stroma is fibromuscular tissue w lots of SM
50
SM function in prostate
contraction causes secretions of glands to drain into prostatic urethra
51
zones of prostate (3)
(1) central zone: constriction can occur here due to prostatic hyperplasia (2) transition zone: surrounds central zone and ejaculatory ducts (3) peripheral zone: comprises majority of prostate
52
where does most prostate cancer occur?
peripheral zone
53
corpora amylacea
prostatic concretions; red globs; often occur in older men
54
penis structure
3 cylinders of erectile tissue: 2 corpora cavernosa on dorsal surface, 1 corpus spongiosum containing urethra
55
tunica albuginea on penis
fibrous sheath lining penis
56
How does an erection occur?
under parasympathetic innervation, deep arteries dilate to allow more blood to get in and venous return gets occluded --> build up of blood = erection
57
artery supplying penis
branch of internal pudendal
58
innervation to penis
branch of pudendal nerve
59
vein to penis
deep dorsal vein, drains into prostatic plexus of veins
60
how does emission occur?
under sympathetic innervation - contraction of SM in ductus deferens and epididymus

CTO Post-Quiz 5 (3 decks)

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