Male reproductive system

Question 1

Where do the testes move in development

Answer 1

testes begin to move toward the scrotum (inguinal region)
they pull blood supply and innervation

Question 2

Month 3 in development

Answer 2

the testes located close to the inguinal region, an increase in testosterone encourages the gubernaculum to shorten and draw the testis into the scrotum

Question 3

Gubernaculum

Answer 3

a fibrous cord that attaches to the inferior portion of the testis and the floor of the developing scrotal sac

Question 4

Processus vaginalis

Answer 4

an outpouching of the peritoneal lining in the abdomen

Question 5

Passage of the testis

Answer 5

happens well before birth in most cases but in premature birth it can happen after birth

Question 6

What does the testis pull with it?

Answer 6

layers of the abdominal body wall but there is no transverse abdominis in the scrotum

Question 7

Where did the male ducts arise from?

Answer 7

degraded mesonephric duct

Question 8

Where must the testis pass through in development?

Answer 8

the testis must pass thru the deep body wall to the scrotum forming the inguinal canal as it descends

Question 9

Scrotum

Answer 9

a sac of skin that extends external to the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 10

What muscles in the scrotum provide temperature regulation?

Answer 10

the dartos and cremaster muscle respond to changes in external temperature

Question 11

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 11

sites of sperm production

Question 12

Epididymis

Answer 12

an organ where sperm mature

Question 13

How does sperm travel through the male ducts?

Answer 13

Seminiferous tubules
epididymis
ductus deferens
ejaculatory duct
urethra

Question 14

What accessory sex glands contribute secretions to sperm?

Answer 14

Seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

Question 15

Seminal glands

Answer 15

elongated structures that lie between the fundus of the bladder and rectum

Question 16

What do the seminal glands secrete?

Answer 16

Secretes a thick alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm as they pass into the ejaculatory ducts and urethra

Question 17

What do the secretions from the seminal glands contain?

Answer 17

Fructose and other nutrients to nourish sperm
Other substances to enhance fertilization
Provides energy for sperm to survive female reproductive tract

Question 18

Ejaculatory ducts

Answer 18

slender tubes that arise by the union of the duct of a seminal gland with the ductus deferens near the neck of the bladder

Question 19

Prostate gland

Answer 19

encircles the prostatic urethra

Question 20

Prostatic secretions

Answer 20

1/3 if semen volume and contain enzymes that enhance sperm motility

Question 21

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 21

inferior to the prostate, secrete mucus

Question 22

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 22

two pea-sized bulb-urethral glands are situated posterolateral to the intermediate part of the urethra

Question 23

Where do the bulbourethral glands pass through?

Answer 23

Their ducts pass thru the perineal membrane with the intermediate urethra and open thru very small apertures into the proximal part of the spongy urethra in the bulb of penis

Question 24

What kind of secretions do the bulbourethral glands produce?

Answer 24

secretions are mucus-like and enter the urethra during sexual arousal
a basic solution that neutralizes traces of acidic urine

Question 25

Penile structure

Answer 25

three cylindrical bodies of erectile cavernous tissue: corpus spongiosum corpora cavernosa

Question 26

Glans penis

Answer 26

expanded tip of the penis surrounding the urethral opening, continuous with the corpus spongiosum

Question 27

Prepuce (foreskin)

Answer 27

loose fold of skin surrounding the glans to a variable extent

Question 28

Corpus spongiosum

Answer 28

single cylindrical body surrounds the urethra, enlarged proximally (root, covered y the bulbospongiosus muscle), and distally (glans)

Question 29

Corpora cavernosa

Answer 29

paired cylindrical body covered by the ischiocavernosus muscles

Question 30

Ischiocavernosus (muscle)

Answer 30

prevents outflow of blood/erection

Question 31

Bulbospongiosus (muscles)

Answer 31

expels last drop of urine/semen hardens erection

Question 32

What is the crus composed of?

Answer 32

corpora cavernosum

Question 33

What is the bulb composed of?

Answer 33

corpus spongiosum

Question 34

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 34

pro-erection

Question 35

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 35

pro-detumescence

Question 36

What does the parasympathetic nervous system allow for?

Answer 36

relaxation of smooth muscle and blood flows into the erectile tissues

Question 37

What do the bulbourethral glands and vestibular glands secrete when stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 37

secrete mucous, resulting in lubrication of the vaginal orifice in the female and the production of pre-ejaculatory fluid in the male

Question 38

Erections in both genders have...

Answer 38

reflexogenic (stimulation) psychogenic (thought induced) nocturnal (REM sleep)

Question 39

What are the two phases of ejaculation?

Answer 39

emission expulsion

Question 40

Emission (the sympathetic nervous system)

Answer 40

closes the neck of the bladder preventing retrograde ejaculation contracts smooth muscle in the epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate to coordinately release their secretions into the urethra

Question 41

Expulsion (somatic nervous system)

Answer 41

Coordinated, rhythmic contraction of the muscle in the bladder neck, external urethral sphincter, urethra, bulbospongiosus and pelvic striated muscles to propel semen thru the urethra

Question 42

Hypospadias

Answer 42

In hypospadias, fusion of the urethral folds is incomplete and abnormal openings of the urethra occur along the inferior aspect of the penis

Question 43

Hydrocele and hematocele

Answer 43

fluid of blood accumulation in the processus vaginalis

Question 44

Testicular torsion

Answer 44

a twisting or torsion of the spermatic cord can dramatically affect blood supply to the testicle and surrounding tissues

Question 45

Circumcision

Answer 45

The cutting away and removal of the prepuce (foreskin)

Question 46

Phimosis/paraphimosis

Answer 46

Phimosis is present when the foreskin cannot retract normally comfortably over the glans Paraphimosis occurs when a retracted foreskin gets caught behind the glans and cannot be moved