Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Gonads

Answer 1

primary sex organs
- Male: testes
- Female: ovaries

Question 2

Gamete

Answer 2

sex or reproductive cells made in the gonads
- Males: sperm
- Females: ova/egg

Question 3

sex hormones for males

Answer 3

androgens

Question 4

sex hormones for females

Answer 4

• estrogens
• progesterones

Question 5

path of sperm

Answer 5

epididymis -> vas.ductus deferens -> ejaculatory duct -> urethra

Question 6

two muscles of the scrotum

Answer 6

• dartos
• cremaster

Question 7

dartos

Answer 7

smooth muscle; wrinkles scrotal skin; pulls scrotum close to the body

Question 8

cremaster

Answer 8

skeletal muscle; bands of muscle that elevate the testes

Question 9

2 tunics of the testes

Answer 9

• tunica vaginalis
• tunica albuginea

Question 10

tunica vaginalis

Answer 10

outer layer; forms fibrous capsule

Question 11

tunica albuginea

Answer 11

inner layer; form fibrous capsule

Question 12

sustentocytes

Answer 12

• seminiferous tubules have thick, stratified epithelium surrounding a central, fluid-containing lumen
• epithelium contains spermatogenic cells embedded in support cells called sustentocytes

Question 13

what is made by the interstitial endocrine cells in the testes

Answer 13

• interstitial endocrine cells are in the soft tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules
• interstitial cells produce androgens, such as testosterone, and secrete them into the interstitial fluid

Question 14

What is the functional importance of the pampiniform venous plexuses?

Answer 14

• Testicular veins arise from the pampiniform venous plexuses surrounding each testicular artery
• Cooler blood in the venous plexus absorbs heat from the testicular arteries and keeps the testes cool

Question 15

spermatic cord

Answer 15

• encloses the autonomic nerve fibers, blood vessels, vas deferens, and lymphatic vessels that supply the testes
• travels through the inguinal canal

Question 16

anatomy of the penis

Answer 16

• root + shaft + glans penis
• prepuce

Question 17

circumcision

Answer 17

surgical removal of the foreskin
- can lead to a reduction in the risk of contracting HIV or other reproductive infections

Question 18

during an erection, the vascular spaces in erectile tissue fill with

Answer 18

blood, penis enlarges, becomes rigid

Question 19

epididymis

Answer 19

site of sperm maturation

Question 20

how long do sperm cells typically remain in the epididymis

Answer 20

several months

Question 21

The vas deferens merges with a duct from what gland to form the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 21

joins the duct of the seminal vesicle

Question 22

vasectomy

Answer 22

cutting and ligating the vas deferens

Question 23

3 regions of male urethra

Answer 23

• prostatic
• intermediate/membranous
• spongy

Question 24

What is contained in the secretions made in the seminal vesicles/glands?

Answer 24

viscous, alkaline seminal fluid - account for 70% of the volume of semen

Question 25

What is contained in the secretions made in the prostate gland

Answer 25

Secretes milky, slightly acid fluid that contains citrate, enzymes, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Question 26

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Answer 26

benign growth of the prostate that constricts the urethra and male urination difficult - incomplete bladder emptying can lead to frequent UTI and kidney damage

Question 27

TURP

Answer 27

surgical procedures ro widen the prostatic urethra

Question 28

bulbo-urethral glands

Answer 28

- produce thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal - mucus lubricates the glans penis and neutralizes any traces of acidic urine in the urethra

Question 29

About how many sperm cells are in a typical ejaculation (a general range)?

Answer 29

2-5 mL 20-150 million sperm/mL

Question 30

function of prostaglandins in semen

Answer 30

decrease the viscosity of mucus in the female cervix and stimulate reverse peristalsis in the female uterus

Question 31

function of relaxing in semen

Answer 31

enhance sperm motility and suppress female immune response

Question 32

function of clotting factors in semen

Answer 32

coagulate semen initially

Question 33

function of fibronolysin in semen

Answer 33

liquifiy it

Question 34

what branch of the ANS is responsible for the formation of an erection?

Answer 34

activation of parasympathetic neurons and release of nitric oxide (NO)

Question 35

which branch is responsible for ejaculation?

Answer 35

sympathetic spinal reflex

Question 36

sympathetic spinal reflex

Answer 36

- bladder internal sphincter muscle constricts to prevent expulsion of urine or reflux of semen - ducts and accessory glands contract, empty their contents into the prostatic urethra - bulbospongiosus muscles undergo a series of very rapid contractions that cause expulsion of semen - ejaculatory even is called orgasm

Question 37

spermatogenesis

Answer 37

creation of sperm in the seiniferous tubules

Question 38

how many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 38

46 chromosome in 23 pairs

Question 39

diploid cell

Answer 39

cell with 46 chromosomes

Question 40

haploid cells

Answer 40

cell with 23 chromosomes

Question 41

mitosis

Answer 41

involves 1 replication event and 1 division event - it produces 2 identical daughter cells

Question 42

meiosis

Answer 42

involves 1 replication event and 2 division event - it cuts the number of chromosomes in half and produces 4 genetically diverse daughter cells

Question 43

3 steps of spermatogenesis

Answer 43

- mitosis of spermatogonia - meiosis - spermiogenesis

Question 44

first step of spermatogenesis

Answer 44

mitosis of spermatogonia - forms 1 stem cells and 1 primary spermatocyte

Question 45

second step of spermatogensis

Answer 45

meiosis - primary spermatocytes form secondary spermatocytes, which become spermatids

Question 46

third step of spermatogenesis

Answer 46

spermiogenesis - spermatids become spermatozoa (immature sperm)

Question 47

spermatogonia

Answer 47

stem cells in contact with epithelial basal lamina

Question 48

what is the net result of mitosis of spermatogonia

Answer 48

each mitotic division yields 1 type A daughter cells and 1 type B daughter cell

Question 49

type A daughter cell

Answer 49

maintain the germ/stem cells line

Question 50

type B daughter cell

Answer 50

move towards the lumen and develop into primary spermatocytes

Question 51

net result of meiosis I

Answer 51

primary spermatocytes (2n) undergoes meisosis I forming two secondary spermatocytes (n)

Question 52

net result of meiosis II

Answer 52

each secondary spermatocytes (n) rapidly undergoes meisosis II to become two spermatids

Question 53

what happens during spermiogenesis

Answer 53

streamlining process where each spermatids elongates, loses excess cytoplasm, and forms a tail - becomes a spermatozoa (sperm)

Question 54

be prepared to label the parts of the mature cell (slide 32)

Question 55

slide 34-36

Question 56

effects of testosterone

Answer 56

- appearance of public, axillary, chest and facial hair - deepening of voice - thickening of skin + increased oil production - bone growth + increased bone density - increase in skeletal muscle size and mass - increase in basal metabolic rate

Question 57

where are androgens produced

Answer 57

adrenal glands