Male reproductive system Flashcards
(52 cards)
1
Q
Functions
A
- Production and transport of male sperm cells
- Production of male hormones like testosterone
2
Q
GONADS:
A
- Male- testis
- Female - ovary
3
Q
External Genitalia
A
- Scrotum
- Penis
- Glans penis
4
Q
- wrinkled sac containing testis, epididymis, and vas deferens
- dartos muscle
- regulates testicular temperature
- cold temperature- testis gets closer to the body
- warm temperature- testis hangs loosely
- spermatogenesis requires 2-3 °C lower than body temperature
A
Scrotum
5
Q
- Body- made up 3 erectile tissues
- Root-proximal
A
Penis
6
Q
a. corpora cavernosa
- 2, dorsolateral, vascular spaces
b. corpus spongiosum
- contains spongy urethra
A
Body of Penis
7
Q
a. bulb
b. crura
A
Root-proximal of penis
8
Q
- 2, dorsolateral, vascular spaces
A
corpora cavernosa (Body of Penis)
9
Q
- contains spongy urethra
A
corpus spongiosum (Body of Penis)
10
Q
- expanded proximal portion of corpus spongiosum. Covered by bulbospongiosum
A
bulb (Root-proximal of penis)
11
Q
- proximal tapered parts of corpora cavernosa. Covered by ischiocavernosus
A
crura (Root-proximal of penis)
12
Q
- expanded distal end of corpus spongiosum
- distal terminal urethra is expanded called fossa navicularis
- prepuce and frenulum
A
Glans penis
13
Q
Internal Genitalia
A
- Testis
14
Q
- intra-abdominal during fetal life
- descends and covered by tunica vaginalis from peritoneum
- deep covering tunica albuginea
- divides the testis into lobules
- each lobules contains seminiferous tubule
A
Testis
15
Q
Cells in Testis
A
- Spermatogenic cells
- Sertoli cells/sustentacular cells
- Interstitial cells of leydig
16
Q
- grow and mature to form mature sperm cells
A
Spermatogenic cells
17
Q
- support and protect sperm cells
A
Sertoli cells/sustentacular cells
18
Q
- secrete testosterone
- located in between seminiferous tubules
A
Interstitial cells of leydig
19
Q
Male Reproductive Duct
A
A. Epididymis
B. Vas/Ductus Deferens
20
Q
- comma shaped, 4cm long, located posterior to the testis, with ff parts, head, body and tail
- tail is continuous with vas deferens
A
Epididymis
21
Q
- Site of sperm maturation- mobility and capability to fertilize an ovum( 10-14 days)
- Storage of sperm cells
- Propel sperm cells to vas deferens
A
Epididymis
22
Q
- Continuation of epididymis
- 45cm long
- Passes through the inguinal canal and enter the pelvic cavity
- Joins the duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duc
A
Vas/Ductus Deferens
23
Q
- Storage of sperm cells
- Conveys sperm cell from epididymis to ejaculatory duct and urethra
- Reabsorbed not ejaculated sperm cells
A
Function of Vas deferens:
24
Q
- widest, most dilatable
A
a. Prostatic (2-3 cm)
25
- traverses urogenital diaphragm, shortest and least dilatable
b. Membranous (1 cm )
26
- longest, traverses corpus spongiosum
c. Penile (15-20 cm)
27
1. Male urethra 20cm
a. Prostatic (2-3 cm)
- widest, most dilatable
b. Membranous (1 cm )
- traverses urogenital diaphragm, shortest and least dilatable
c. Penile (15-20 cm)
- longest, traverses corpus spongiosum
Urethra
28
Accessory reproductive organ
1. Prostate gland
2. Seminal vesicle
3. Cowper’s (Bulbourethral) Gland
29
- located beneath urinary bladder with 5 lobes
- surround prostatic urethra
- secretes milky, slightly acidic pH 6.5 seminal fluid
Prostate gland
30
Secretions of prostate gland
1. Citric acid
2. Acid phosphatase
3. Proteolytic enzyme
31
- for ATP energy of sperm cells
Citric acid
32
- breaks down clotting protein
Proteolytic enzyme
33
- Located postero-inferior to urinary bladder
- 5cm long
- Convoluted pouch
- 60% of semen volume
- Secretes fructose
Seminal vesicle
34
Secretions of Seminal vesicle
1. Alkaline viscous fluid
2. Prostaglandin
3. Clotting protein
35
- neutralizes acidic environment of vagina and male urethra
- contains fructose for energy source of sperm cells
Alkaline viscous fluid
36
- mobility and sperm viability
- stimulate smooth muscle contraction of female
Prostaglandin
37
- coagulate sperm after ejaculation
Clotting protein
38
- Located within the urogenital diaphragm on either side of membranous urethra
- opens into penile urethra
Cowper’s (Bulbourethral) Gland
39
Secretions of Cowper’s (Bulbourethral) Gland
1. Alkaline fluid
2. Mucus
40
- lubricates penis and lining of urethra
Mucus
41
- volume- 2.5- 5 ml with 50-150 million sperm cells/ml appro 300-500millions sperm
- Slightly alkaline 7.2-7.7 - Contains seminal plasmin destroys certain bacteria
- Once ejaculated sperm coagulates in 5min due to clotting protein from seminal vesicle
- About 10-20 min liquefies due to prostate specific antigen(PSA) and other proteolytic enzymes from prostate
Semen
42
Components of Semen
1.Seminal fluid
2. Sperm
43
- secretion from glands
- prostate gives milky white, seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland sticky appearance
Seminal fluid
44
70um, viable in 72hrs
Sperm
45
Sperm cells
A. Head
B. Mid piece
C. tail
46
1. Acrosomes with lysosomal enzymes for penetration of zona pellucida of 2° oocyte
2. nucleus- with 23 chromosomes haploid number
Head of Sperm cells
47
with mitochondria
Mid piece of Sperm cells
48
flagella for motility
tail of Sperm cells
49
- Enlargement and stiffening of the penis
- Due to tactile, visual, auditory, olfactory and imagination reaches erection center in hypothalamus--- sends parasympathetic nerve impulses into the penis---vasodilatation of helicine arteries into the penis- erection
Erection
50
- Powerful expulsion of semen from the urethra to the exterior --- due to sympathetic reflex--- closure of smooth muscle sphincter at the base of urinary bladder- peristaltic contraction of the male reproductive tract
Ejaculation
51
- Discharge of small volume of semen before ejaculation
- May occur during sleep, nocturnal emission
- Due to peristaltic contraction of male reproductive tracts
Emission
52
- Undescended testis
- 80% will spontaneously descend during 1 year of life
- May result to sterility and testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
