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dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine > male reproductive system > Flashcards

male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

exocrine function of testis

A

production of spermatozoa

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2
Q

endocrine function of testis

A

secretion of testosterone

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3
Q

Accessory reproductive glands

A

seminal vesicle
prostate gland
cowper’s gland/bulbo-urethral glands

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4
Q

organ of copulation

A

Penis

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5
Q

Testicular capsule:

outer layer

A

Tunica vaginalis

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6
Q

Testicular capsule

most prominent layer

A

Tunica albuginea

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7
Q

Testicular capsule:

innermost layer

A

Tunica vasculosa

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8
Q

testicular capsule is capable of

A

contraction

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9
Q

Few & found in between the spermatogenic cells

Tall, columnar, pillar-like cells extending upward through the full thickness of the epithelium

A

sertoli cells

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10
Q

functions of sertoli cells

A

Functions:

For mechanical support & protection of the developing sperm cells

Play an active role in the release of mature spermatozoa

Phagocytic activity – digest cytoplasmic fragments

Steroid production from progesterone

  1. Secretes androgen binding protein &
    inhibin in the adult
  2. Receptor-mediated binding of testosterone &
    its metabolism to dehydrotestosterone
  3. Serves as a conduit for the passage of
    nutrients from the blood vascular system to
    the spermatocytes & spermatids
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11
Q

Sperm cells closely associated between Sertoli cells

4-8 layers from the basal lamina to the lumen

Differentiate progressively from basal region to the lumen

Most mature are nearest to the lumen

A

spermatogenic cells

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12
Q

Comprises the entire sequence of events by which the spermatogonia are transformed into spermatozoa

A

spermatogenesis

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13
Q

PHASE OF SPERMATOGENESIS

The most primitive spermatogonia give rise to several successive generations of spermatogonia and yields spermatocytes

A

Spermatocytogenesis

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14
Q

PHASE OF SPERMATOGENESIS
The spermatocytes undergo two maturation division which reduce the chromosomal number by half & produce a cluster of spermatids

A
  1. Meiosis
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15
Q

PHASE OF SPERMATOGENESIS

The spermatids undergo a series of cytological transformation leading to formation of spermatozoa

A

Spermiogenesis

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16
Q

Slender motile flagellated bodies

A

Mature sperm

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17
Q

3 Phases of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatocytogenesis
2. Meiosis
Spermiogenesis

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18
Q

single ejaculation contains how many sperms

A

200-600 M

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19
Q

Inactive in the ducts; activated by secretions of accessory genital glands

Longer lifespan in the male genital tract than in the female reproductive tract

A

Mature Sperm

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20
Q

parts of the mature sperm

A

head

tail

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21
Q

parts of the tail of mature sperm

A

a. Neck
b. Middle piece
c. Principal piece
d. End piece

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22
Q

part of sperm
Flattened ovall body, pear shaped

Made up of the nucleus carrying all genetic traits

Acrosomal cap

A

head

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23
Q

part of sperm tail
Core – axoneme

Ring of 9 dense course fibers

Mitochondrial sheath

A

middle piece

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24
Q

part of sperm tail
Longest portion

Absence of mitochondrial sheath

Outer course fibers and fibrous sheath

A

Principal piece

25
Q

part of sperm tail
Short slender terminal segment

Covered only by flagellar membrane

A

End Piece

26
Q

Endocrine component of the testis

Produces androgens

Irregular polyhedral closely packed, occurring in clusters

With extensive SER

A

Interstitial Cell of Leydig

27
Q

Short straight continuation of the seminifrous tubule

w/o Spermatogenic cells; only sertoli cells

A

tubuli recti

28
Q

Network of anastomosing channels found in the mediastinum

Cuboidal lining epithelium

A

rete testis

29
Q

Arises from the rete testis

Forms 10 conical bodies (coni vasculosi)

A

Ductuli Efferentes

30
Q

Lined by alternating tall ciliated and short non-ciliated (uneven/scalloped epithelium)

Non-ciliated cells with microvilli coated with glycocalyx

W/ only motile cilia in the male repro tract

A

Ductuli Efferentes

31
Q

Fusion of the coni vasculosi forms a single highly coiled duct

Site of sperm accumulation, storage & maturity

Head, body & tail

A

epididymis

32
Q

Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocila

Presence of smooth musculature gradually increasing in thickness from proximal to distal

A

epididymis

33
Q

epithelium of epididymis

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocila

34
Q

Straight tube, direct continuation of the epididymis

A

ductus deferens

35
Q

Ductus Deferens

3 coats

A

Mucosa
Muscularis
Fibrosa

36
Q

coat of ductus deferens
Thrown into folds (star-shaped appearance)

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Mucosa:

37
Q

coat of ductus deferens

Thickest coat

A

muscularis

38
Q

3 smooth muscle layers of muscularis

A
  • inner longitudinal
    - middle circular
    - outer longitudinal
39
Q

coat of ductus deferens

Fibroelastic CT

A

Adventitia:

40
Q

Short, terminal segment formed at the junction of the ampulla & the excretory ducts of the seminal vesicle

Pierces the prostate gland & opens in the urethra

A

ejaculatory duct

41
Q

Thin mucosa thrown into folds

Simple columnar epithelium / pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Transitional epithelium near the urethral opening

A

ejaculatory duct

42
Q

Highly convoluted glandular outpocketings that opens in the ductus deferens at the junction of the ampulla and ejaculatory duct

Yellowish viscid alkaline fluid w/ fructose, fibrinogen & Vit.C

Not storage site for spermatozoa

A

seminal vesicle

43
Q

Mucosa is highly folded forming irregular chambers (honeycomb appearance)

Prominent muscular wall (inner & outer longitudinal)

A

seminal vesicle

44
Q

Lining epithelium – pseudostratified non-ciliated

Smooth muscle supplied by SNS; contracts during ejaculation forcing secretions into the urethra via the ampulla

A

seminal vesicle

45
Q

Large unpaired gland surrounding the first part of the urethra

Secretions make up 75% of semen; thin, milky; rich in citric acid & hydrolytic enzymes

Dependent on androgens for its secretory activities

A

prostate gland

46
Q

Made up of 30-50 tubulo-alveolar gland

Stroma & capsule consist of dense fibroelastic CT w/ numerous smooth muscle innervated by SNS

A

prostate gland

47
Q

Secretory alveoli lined by simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar non-ciliated epithelium

Epithelium folded into irregular projections dividing the lumen into compartments

Prostatic concretions/corpora amylacea

A

prostate gland

48
Q

prostate gland is divided into

A

peripheral and central portion

49
Q

portion of prostate gland

composed of paraurethral glands that open into the prostatic urethra; BPH

A

central portion

50
Q

portion of prostate gland

composed of tubulo-alveolar glands; prostatic malignancy

A

peripheral portion

51
Q

Cowper’s gland

Two small glands located close to the bulb of the urethra

Compound tubulo-alveolar gland with tubules/ducts

A

Bulbourethral Gland

52
Q

Secrete mucus into the urethra for epithelial lubrication

A

Bulbourethral Gland

53
Q

Lining epithelium of Bulbourethral Gland

A

simple columnar

54
Q

Paired corpora cavernosa & single corpus spongiosum

Condensed fibroelastic around the cavernous bodies continuous with the loose hypodermis

Pectinifrom septum

A

penis

55
Q

consist of cavernous sinuses supported by trabeculae (fibroelastic tissue w/ smooth muscles)

A

erectile tissues of penis

56
Q

end of excitement; sympathetic NS

A

Detumescence

57
Q

erection involves the _________ ANS

A

parasympathetic

58
Q

Vascular sinuses of penis supplied by

A

helicine arteries

59
Q

The product of ejaculation (spermatozoa & seminal fluid); 3.5 ml containing 50-150 million spematozoa/ml

Capacitation in female genital tract

Fructose & citrate for motility

Crystals of Bottcher

A

semen

dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine (57 decks)

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