Malnutrition

Question 1

what is malnutrition?

Answer 1

deficiency, excessive, and imbalance (s) in the intake of energy and/or nutrients

Question 2

what does malnutrition include? (5)

Answer 2

undernutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight)
inadequate vitamins and minerals
obesity
overweight
diet-related non-communicable diseases

Question 3

what are the causes or factors or the people who are at risk of malnutrition?

Answer 3

1. poor food availability and preparation
2. lack of nutritional education
3. recurrent infections
4. people who live in a socio-economic deprived areas (lack of sanitation/education)
5. poverty and natural disasters

Question 4

what are the 4 sub-forms of undernutrition

Answer 4

underweight
stunting
wasting
vitamins and minerals deficiency

Question 5

what is known as wasting?

Answer 5

low weight for height

Question 6

what is known as stunting?

Answer 6

low height for age

Question 7

children with __________ are known as underweight.

Answer 7

low weight for age

Question 8

a child who is underweight may be ______, ______, or ______.

Answer 8

stunted, wasted, or both

Question 9

what does PEM stand for?

Answer 9

protein-energy malnutrition

Question 10

what happens to undernourished children with PEM

Answer 10

rapid growth and existence of illnesses or diseases that require a larger amount of protein and essential nutrients

Question 11

difference of kwashiorkor and marasmus in terms of deficiency

Answer 11

kwashiorkor - deficient in proteins

marasmus - deficient in proteins and calories

Question 12

difference of kwashiorkor and marasmus in terms of age (occurrence)

Answer 12

K - between 6 months and 3 years

M - under 1 year

Question 13

difference of kwash. and marasmus in terms of subcutaneous fat

Answer 13

K - preserved subcutaneous fat

M - not preserved

Question 14

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of edema

Answer 14

K - edema is present

M - no edema

Question 15

difference of kwash. and marasmus in terms of liver

Answer 15

K - enlarged fatty liver

M - no fatty liver

Question 16

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of ribs

Answer 16

K - not very prominent ribs

M - very prominent ribs

Question 17

difference of kwash. and marasmus in terms of behavior

Answer 17

K - lethargic

M - alert and irritable

Question 18

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of muscle wasting

Answer 18

K - mild or absent

M - severe muscle wasting

Question 19

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of appetite

Answer 19

K - poor appetite

M - veracious eater

Question 20

difference of kwash. and maramus in terms of adequacy of needed nutrients

Answer 20

K - adequacy in proteins

M - adequacy in proteins, fats, and carbs

Question 21

what is marasmus

Answer 21

a chronic PEM caused by severe deprivation of food for a long period of time

Question 22

other name for marasmus

Answer 22

drying away

Question 23

at what age does marasmus occur?

Answer 23

6-18 months

or less than 1 year

Question 24

2 signs of marasmus

Answer 24

thin and dry hair, easily pulled

spoon-shaped, brittle nails

Question 25

what is kwashiorkor?

Answer 25

acute PEM caused by sudden or recent food deprivation

Question 26

at what age does kwashiorkor occur?

Answer 26

18 months - 2 years | or 6 months - 3 years

Question 27

signs of kwashiorkor

Answer 27

bulging belly with a fatty liver

Question 28

kwashiorkor is commonly precipitated by what illnesses?

Answer 28

measles or dysentery

Question 29

what is the distinctive feature of kwashiorkor?

Answer 29

moon face

Question 30

what are the 2 classifications of nutrient deficiency? describe.

Answer 30

1. primary - caused by inability or lack of absorption of vital nutrients but can be solved by eating foods and taking supplements 2. secondary - caused by limited ability of absorption of nutrients due to medical conditions

Question 31

obesity is generally defined as ______

Answer 31

excessive fat stored in the body

Question 32

4 causes of obesity

Answer 32

1. genetics 2. sedentary lifestyle 3. abnormal absorption of nutrients 4. over-eating/ binge eating disorder

Question 33

how many percent is the genetic component of human obesity

Answer 33

50-79%

Question 34

upper body obesity is referred to as ______ (3)

Answer 34

central, abdominal, or male obesity

Question 35

lower body obesity is known as ______ (4)

Answer 35

peripheral, gluteal, femoral, or female obesity

Question 36

apple-shaped people

Answer 36

upper body obesity

Question 37

pear-shaped people

Answer 37

lower body obesity

Question 38

android obesity

Answer 38

upper body obesity

Question 39

gynoid obesity

Answer 39

lower body obesity

Question 40

prevention and interventions for obesity (3)

Answer 40

1. lifestyle modification 2. pharmacokinetics 3. surgery

Question 41

orlistat (generic name, function, mg, BMI)

Answer 41

xenical, inhibits absorption of fat soluble vitamins, 120 mg PO TID w/ meals, BMI 30

Question 42

reductil (function)

Answer 42

suppresses appetite

Question 43

what does gastroplasty reduce?

Answer 43

size of the opening of the stomach to the distal stomach

Question 44

capacity of gastric bypass

Answer 44

20-30 ml

Question 45

what is gastric bypass?

Answer 45

reduction of stomach by stapling procedure (attaching the small intestine to the small pouch made on the upper portion of stomach)

Question 46

what is liposuction or lipo sculpture?

Answer 46

aspiration of fat deposits