Mamm phys Exam 3

Question 1

Negative feedback plays a role in:

Answer 1

PTH, insulin, T3 and T4, cortisol

Question 2

Which set of hormones acts similarly to t3 and T4 regulation?

Answer 2

CRH, and ACTH, and cortisol

Question 3

Which pituitary hormone is not released in response to a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus?

Answer 3

ADH

Question 4

What is true of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 4

Fxns as part of the sympathetic NS

Question 5

Calcitonin causes which of these?

Answer 5

Bones to uptake Ca and secretion of Ca by kidneys

Question 6

The hormone ___ is a modified aa whereas ___ is a steroidal hormone

Answer 6

Epinephrine, testosterone

Question 7

Which of these mechanisms is used by lipid soluble hormones to affect their target cells?

Answer 7

Diffuse through membrane and act directly on gene expression

Question 8

Which is a neurosecretory organ?

Answer 8

Posterior pituitary

Question 9

Which is true of glucagon?

Answer 9

Triggers processes that increase glucose concentration

Question 10

What is true of Diabetes type 2?

Answer 10

Insulin is produced but tissues don’t respond to it

Question 11

Hormone that stimulates addition of glucose transporters to cell membrane?

Answer 11

Insulin

Question 12

Goiter is a symptom of?

Answer 12

Thyroid disorder

Question 13

Action of growth hormone can be summarized as:

Answer 13

Anti insulin

Question 14

Which hormone of the intestinal phase inhibits gastric secretion

Answer 14

Secretin

Question 15

Although most of the __ in the small intestine are secreted by the pancreas, __ are secreted by the liver

Answer 15

Digestive enzymes, bile salts

Question 16

Which does not play a role in lipid digestion/absorption?

Answer 16

Cell surface receptors/transporters on villi cells

Question 17

Which do not occur in the large intestine?

Answer 17

Carb absorption

Question 18

Cholecystokinin causes:

Answer 18

Bile and pancreatic secretions to be added to the small intestine

Question 19

Which hormones stimulate secretion of pancreatic juice?

Answer 19

Secretin and CCK

Question 20

Mechanisms for water reabsorption in the large intestine is almost identical to mechm for:

Answer 20

Water reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule

Question 21

The pancreatic enzyme __ also requires __ from the liver to perform its function

Answer 21

Lipase, bile salts

Question 22

Which processes/structures help prevent the stomach from digesting itself?

Answer 22

Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen, insoluble mucus

Question 23

Which is a consequence of our air passage crossing our food passage?

Answer 23

Pharyngeal phase of swallowing is very rapid

Question 24

Stomach can mechanically break down food into smaller particles by:

Answer 24

Retropulsion of stomach content through small orifice of terminal antral contraction

Question 25

Protein digestion starts during the ___ phase of stomach activity

Answer 25

Gastric

Question 26

Calcitrol acts on small intestine to

Answer 26

Facilitate Ca absorption

Question 27

Brush border of epithelial cells in lumen of small intestine shows the importance of:

Answer 27

Diffusion

Question 28

Which biomolecule is absorbed as chylomicrons?

Answer 28

Lipids

Question 29

Which pancreatic enzyme needs an activator?

Answer 29

Trypsin

Question 30

Cajal cells in GI tract are:

Answer 30

Interstitial cells that function as pacemaker cells

Question 31

Gluconeogenesis is

Answer 31

Production of glucose from non-carb sources

Question 32

In the nephron, water and small molecules and ions are initially ___, but some molecules ate returned to the blood by ___

Answer 32

Filtered, reabsorbed

Question 33

What happens if salt pumps in the ascending LoH stop working?

Answer 33

Countercurrent multiplier will stop

Question 34

Characteristic of inulin that makes it useful for measuring glomerular filtration rate is:

Answer 34

It is filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted

Question 35

In the nephron, where is the largest amount of water reabsorbed?

Answer 35

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 36

Which duct becomes permeable to water in the presence of ADH/vasopressin?

Answer 36

Collecting duct

Question 37

PTH stimulates

Answer 37

Ca reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

Question 38

Voluntary control over micturition is mainly provided by

Answer 38

Cessation of signals from the pudental nerve to the external urethral sphincters

Question 39

The kidney lacks an absorption mechanism for iron because:

Answer 39

Iron in the plasma is not filtered because its bound to proteins

Question 40

Function of juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 40

Control glomerular filtration rate

Question 41

Two hormones secreted in response to a suckling infant: __ causes milk let-down reflex, ___ stimulates mammary glands to make milk

Answer 41

Oxytocin, prolactin

Question 42

If testosterone and Mullerian Inhibiting Factor are absent, then:

Answer 42

Mullerian ducts become uterine tubes and uterus

Question 43

Whats the first developmental switch that causes sexual differentiation?

Answer 43

Testis determining factor (TDF)

Question 44

Slow block polyspermy is caused by:

Answer 44

Swelling of the perivitelline layer and clipping of sperm binding receptors

Question 45

Insulin is a ____ hormone, which means that it effects target cells by ___

Answer 45

Peptide, binding to a receptor triggering a second messenger

Question 46

Which of these is the main driver for water reabsorption in the convoluted tubules?

Answer 46

Active transport to reabsorb Na

Question 47

Which occurs in the LoH?

Answer 47

Ions actively pumped out of ascending limb, water leaves descending by osmosis

Question 48

Which occurs in the PCT?

Answer 48

Glucose reabsorption by active transport, Na reabsorption by AT Water reabsorption by osmosis Urea remains in tubule

Question 49

Aldosterone does:

Answer 49

Increases blood pressure Decreases blood K concentration Increase in blood volume Increases blood Na concentration

Question 50

After water is reabsorbed by the collecting duct, where does it go?

Answer 50

Into peritubular capillaries due to osmosis

Question 51

Which is part of micturition reflex?

Answer 51

Stretch receptors in bladder stimulated by presence of urine Relaxation of internal sphincter Stretch receptors send AP to spinal cord Contraction of smooth muscle in wall of bladder

Question 52

Which results from high levels of ADH?

Answer 52

Low flow rate of highly concentrated urine

Question 53

Where is chymotrypsinogen secreted and what does it break down?

Answer 53

Pancreas, proteins

Question 54

Arrange steps of fat absorption:

Answer 54

Bile salts emulsify fats, lipase splits TAG, fatty acids form micelles, fatty acids diffuse through membranes of cells lining small intestine

Question 55

Defecation reflex is triggered by:

Answer 55

Fecal material stretching walls of the rectum

Question 56

What is not true of a typical hormone?

Answer 56

Secreted into a duct

Question 57

Which does not benefit from negative feedback?

Answer 57

Change in bone length

Question 58

Snowball effect describes which process?

Answer 58

Positive feedback

Question 59

Control mechm for ADH, growth hormone, and PTH:

Answer 59

ADH: AP from nervous system GH: hormones from the nervous system PTH: conditions in body