Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory > Management > Flashcards

Management Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

in the aerobic exercise prescription, what is the intensity for continuous?

A

60-80% VO2 peak, Borg 3-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in the aerobic exercise prescription, what is the intensity for interval?

A

> 80% VO2 peak, Borg 4-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

for a strength exercise prescription, what is the intensity?

A

load 60-70% 1RM, 2-4 sets, 8-12 reps, RPE 13-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

for an endurance exercise prescription, what is the intensity?

A

load <50% 1RM, 1-2 sets of 15-20 reps, RPE 11-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when should patients exercise with supplemental oxygen?

A

if a patient desaturates by >=4% to SpO2 < 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the purpose of breathing control?

A

to promote relaxation and prevent hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the purpose of lower thoracic expansion exercises?

A

to increase lung volume above tidal volume
promote airflow through the collateral ventilation system
enhanced interdependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where do pores of kohn run?

A

between alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where do channels of lambert run?

A

between alveoli and bronchial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where do channels of martin run?

A

between bronchials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does the huff work?

A

produces dynamic compression of airways proximal to equal pressure point (point at which pressure inside airway is equal to intrapleural pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how would you modify ACBT for a breathless patient?

A

more breathing control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how would you modify ACBT for a post op surgical patient?

A

more TEEs with more holds after TEEs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how would you modify ACBT for a patient with bronchospasm?

A

more breathing control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the GAP position for anterior segment both upper lobes?

A

supine lying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the GAP for lateral segment of lower lobes?

A

side lying with head down tiltha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the GAP for the middle / lingula lobe?

A

1/4 side lying with head down tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the GAP for apical segment of both upper lobes?

A

upright sitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is percussion?

A

rhythmic ‘clapping’ of cupped hands over areas of retained secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does percussion work?

A

produce energy wave transmitted through chest wall causing turbulence and compression of air within airways in babies, loosening secretions.
used in conjunction with TEEs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are vibrations/shaking and when are they done?

A

Techniques consist of intermittent chest wall compression performed through expiratory phase of TEEs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does vibrations/shaking work?

A

Increases peak expiratory flow rate and therefore shears mucus off the airway walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the amplitude and frequency of vibrations?

A

small amplitude, high frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the amplitude and frequency of shaking?
large amplitude and low frequency
26
what are the contraindications for vibrations / shaking?
osteoporosis haemoptysis fractured ribs bronchospasm breathlessness surgical incisions
27
what does IPPB do?
increases tidal volume, decreases WOB by offloading the inspiratory muscles
28
when to use IPPB?
aids sputum clearance by getting underneath sputum via collateral channels helps recruit atelectatic lung with collateral channels and interdependence decreases WOB in breathless patients
29
what is the sensitivity setting on IPPB?
the effort it takes to trigger
30
what is the flowrate setting on IPPB?
the speed that the breath is given
31
what is the pressure setting on IPPB?
how deep the breath is
32
what is CPAP used for?
to provide respiratory support to the patient
33
what are the physiological effects of CPAP?
increased FRC recruit alveoli increase surface area for gas exchange decrease WOB (compliance curve) improve oxygenation
34
what are the indications for CPAP?
type 1 respiratory failure
35
what are the contraindications for IPPB and CPAP?
undrained pneumothorax large bullae proximal tumour severe haemoptysis persistant air leak post thoracic surgery
36
what are the effects of PEP?
increases end expiratory lung volume therefore reducing airway resistance and small airway closure collateral channels are recruited allowing air to flow behind sputum plugs facilitating secretion movement high frequency oscillations create airway vibrations that mobilise excess secretions reduces sputum viscoelasticity
37
which OPEP devices are/arent dependent on gravity?
flutter - dependent on gravity acapella - not dependent on gravity aerobika - not dependent on gravity
38
who are assisted coughs used for?
patients with a weak cough due to poor expiratory muscle function e.g. DMD, MND, GBS
39
what is a possible cause of alveolar dead space?
pulmonary embolus
40
how does the distribution of ventilation change in the lung and why?
pressure becomes less negative as you go down due to the weight of the lung pulling down, better ventilation at the lower part of the lung highest alveoli are already expanded (top of compliance curve). lowest are more squished and have more potential to expand
41
which zone of the lung is best perfused?
zone 3
42
why is zone 1 poorly perfused?
alveoli are open and big, capillaries get compressed, not much room for blood flow
43
why is zone 4 less perfused than zone 3?
weight of the lung pressing on the diaphragm compresses and reduces perfusion
44
what is alveolar pressure (PA) vs arterial pressure (Pa) vs venous pressure (Pv) in zone 1?
PA > Pa > Pv
45
what is alveolar pressure (PA) vs arterial pressure (Pa) vs venous pressure (Pv) in zone 2?
Pa > PA > Pv
46
what is alveolar pressure (PA) vs arterial pressure (Pa) vs venous pressure (Pv) in zone 3?
Pa > Pv > PA
47
what is alveolar pressure (PA) vs arterial pressure (Pa) vs tissue pressure (PT) in zone 4?
PT > Pa > PA
48
what happens to blood flow in the lungs during exercise?
blood pressure increases, more blood flow to the apex of the lung, more even distribution of blood flow in the lungs, more uniform gas exchange, more oxygen to muscles
49
in bilateral disease, which lung should be dependent and why?
right lung because it is bigger
50
what are some of the cardiorespiratory effects of general anasthetic?
decreased lung volme (FRC - gas left in lungs after normal breath out) reduced lung compliance basal atelectasis increased airway resistance diaphragmatic dysfunction impaired MCT suppression cough reflex reduced cardiac output depression of central drive to breathe
51
what is a desis in surgery?
fusion of two parts
52
what is an ectomy in surgery?
surgical removal
53
what is a plasty in surgery?
surgically modify/reshape
54
what is an ostomy in surgery?
surgically creating a hole
55
what is thoracotomy and where do they make the incision?
lung surgery, at the back between the ribs
56
what is sternotomy and where do they make the incision?
cardiac surgery, down the middle of the sternum so ribs can open and can operate on the heart
57
what is laparotomystern and where do they make the incision?
abdomen, vertical incision down the abdomen
58
which is the least painful - thoracotomy, sternotomy or laparotomy and why?
sternotomy as dont have to cut through muscle fibres
59
what are the post op complications of surgery?
pain reduced lung volume (FRC) (pain) hypoventilation (pain) sputum retention (reduced MCT) reduced mobility circulatory - haemorrhage, pulmonary embolis, DVT
60
what is the main respiratory problem post surgery?
reduced lung volume (FRC)
61
why are lung volumes reduced in surgical patients?
pain decreased MCT position during surgery and post op absorption atelectasis immobility distended abdomen
62
what is absorption atelectasis?
more oxygen concentration means less nitrogen to hold open the alveoli, alveoli collapse
63
what are the consequences of reduced lung volumes in post op patients?
reduced compliance atelectasis reduced surface area for gas exchange hypoxaemia increased WOB breathlessness
64
what is the best position to be in to increase lung volumes?
standing
65
what do you focus on in ACBT for surgical patient?
LTEEs with added hold and sniff supported huff/cough ensure adequate analgesia before starting
66
what are the consequences of hyperventilation / hypocapnia?
dizziness, cold hands and feeet, muscle spasms, pins and needles, increase HR, palpitations, sweating, diarrhoea
67
what kind of wheeze do you get with asthma (monophonic or polyphonic) and why?
polyphonic because multiple airways affected
68
what is the silhouette sign on xray?
obscuration of a normally seen border, such as the heart of diaphragm
69
what are the physiological effects of lower thoracic expansion exercises?
increases lung volume above tidal volume promotes airflow through collateral ventilation channels enhances interdependence
70
what is percussion?
Rhythmical clapping, performed throughout the respiratory cycle, should be used in conjunction with thoracic expansion exercises
71
What is the primary benefit of using shaking or vibrations for airway clearance?
Increases peak expiratory flowrate and therefore shears mucus off the airway walls
72
what is pulmonary oedema?
fluid accumulates in the alveoli and lung interstitium
73
what is a pulmonary embolism?
blockage of a pulmonary artery
74
what is consolidation?
filling of alveoli with fluid, pus, blood, or cells, common in pneumonia

Respiratory (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions