Management Approaches

Question 1

• Most common
• No 1 right away to approach management - style should depend on each task
• Adapting to Changing Circumstances - Stresses importance of quick thinking and strategy to internal + external influences

Answer 1

Contingency Approach Characteristics

Question 2

• Common in modern business
• More flat hierarchical structure
• Sense of fulfilment as motivation
• Democratic Leadership - Open 2-way communication, employee participation/feedback in decisions
• Teams - less layers of management due to less managers needed, team structure lead to improved productivity

Answer 2

Behavioural Approach Characteristics

Question 3

• Uses rewards and sanctions as motivation
• Pyramid Structure
• Management as planning, controlling, organising
• Considers people unimportant - to follow orders
• Division of Labour - total task divided to smaller unskilled ones
• Clear lines of authority (1 way communication - top down)
• Autocratic leadership style - no participation of subordinates in decisions

Answer 3

Classical Approach Characteristics

Question 4

Process of establishing standards, evaluating performance and taking corrective action to ensure objectives are achieved.

Answer 4

Management as Controlling - Classical Approach

Question 5

Process of identifying what is to be done and how it is to be done, through the use of financial, human and material resources to achieve a goal.

Answer 5

Management as Organising - Classical Approach

Question 6

Strategic = Long Term View (3-5yrs)
Tactical = Flexible, Adaptable planning (1-2yrs)
Operational = Present operations (Short term)

Answer 6

3 types of Management as Planning - Classical Approach

Question 7

Preparation of a pre-determined course of action.

Answer 7

Management as Planning - Classical Approach