Management Ch. 9

Question 1

Leadership

Answer 1

the processes and behaviors used by someone, such as a manager, to motivate, inspire, and influence the behaviors of others

Question 2

Power

Answer 2

the ability to affect the behavior of others

Question 3

Legitimate Power

Answer 3

power granted through the organizational hierarchy

Question 4

Reward Power

Answer 4

the power to give or withhold rewards

Question 5

Coercive Power

Answer 5

the power to force compliance by means of psychological, emotional, or physical threat

Question 6

Referent Power

Answer 6

power based on identification, imitation, loyalty, or charisma

Question 7

Expert Power

Answer 7

power derived from information or expertise

Question 8

Trait Approach to Leadership

Answer 8

focused on identifying the essential traits that distinguished leaders

Question 9

Behavioral Approach to Leadership

Answer 9

focused on determining what behaviors are employed by leaders

Question 10

Task-Focused Leader Behavior

Answer 10

leader behavior focusing on how tasks should be performed to meet certain goals and to achieve certain performance standards

Question 11

Employee-Focused Leader Behavior

Answer 11

leader behavior focusing on satisfaction, motivation, and well-being of employees

Question 12

Situational Approach to Leadership

Answer 12

assumes that appropriate leader behavior varies from one situation to another

Question 13

Path Goal Theory

Answer 13

theory of leadership that is a direct extension of the expectancy theory of motivation

Question 14

Decision Tree Approach

Answer 14

approach to leadership that provides decision rules for deciding how much participation to allow

Question 15

Leader Member Exchange (LMX) Model

Answer 15

approach to leadership that stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates

Question 16

Transformational Leadership

Answer 16

the set of abilities that allows a leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively

Question 17

Transactional Leadership

Answer 17

comparable to management, it involves routine, regimented activities

Question 18

Charismatic Leadership

Answer 18

type of influence based on the leader’s personal charisma

Question 19

Leadership Substitutes

Answer 19

individual, task, and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the need for a leader to initiate or direct employee performance

Question 20

Leadership Neutralizers

Answer 20

factors that may render leader behaviors ineffective

Question 21

Strategic Leadership

Answer 21

leader’s ability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment and to lead change in the organization so as to enhance its competitiveness

Question 22

Ethical Leadership

Answer 22

leader behaviors that reflect high ethical standards

Question 23

Virtual Leadership

Answer 23

leadership in settings where leaders and followers interact electronically rather than in face-to-face settings

Question 24

Decision Making

Answer 24

choosing one alternative from among several options

Question 25

Decision-Making Process

Answer 25

recognizing and defining the nature of a decision situation, identifying alternatives, choosing the best alternative, and putting it into practice

Question 26

Programmed Decision

Answer 26

decision that is relatively structured or recurs with some frequency (or both)

Question 27

Nonprogrammed Decision

Answer 27

decision that is relatively unstructured and that occurs with low frequency

Question 28

State of Certainty

Answer 28

when the decision maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative

Question 29

State of Risk

Answer 29

when the availability of each alternative and its potential payoffs and costs are all associated with probability estimates

Question 30

State of Uncertainty

Answer 30

when the decision maker does not know all the alternatives, the risks associated with each, or the likely consequences of each alternative

Question 31

Coalition

Answer 31

an informal alliance of individuals or groups formed to achieve a common goal

Question 32

Intuition

Answer 32

Intuition an innate belief about something, often without conscious consideration

Question 33

Escalation of Commitment

Answer 33

condition in which a decision maker becomes so committed to a course of action that she or he stays with it even when it appears to have been wrong

Question 34

Risk Propensity

Answer 34

extent to which a decision maker is willing to gamble when making a decision