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Small Animal Nursing > Management Of Shock/trauma > Flashcards

Management Of Shock/trauma Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Define shock

A

Inadequate cellular energy production

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2
Q

What is distributive shock

A

Flow maldistribution

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3
Q

Initiating causes of distributive shock

A

Sepsis, anaphylaxis, trauma, neurogenic

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4
Q

What is hypoxic shock

A

Decrease in o2 content of arterial blood.

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5
Q

What is metabolic shock

A

Tissues in the body have inadequate supply of nutrients for cellular energy production or when the cells are unable to use it

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6
Q

What is obstructive shock

A

From physical obstruction in the circulatory system

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7
Q

What are some initiation causes of obstructive shock

A

HW disease, gastric torsion, pulmonary embolism, pericardial effusion

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8
Q

What is hypovolemic shock

A

Caused by Decrease intravascular volume

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9
Q

What is the most common form of shock seen in animals

A

Hypovolemic shock

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10
Q

Define cardiac output

A

The product of stroke volume and heart rate

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11
Q

What is stroke volume

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat

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12
Q

What is the main carrier of oxygen in the blood

A

Hemoglobin

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13
Q

Vasodilation contributes to what type of shock

A

Distributive shock

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14
Q

What are the physical assessments that indicate a bleeding problem (anemia)

A

Pale mm, prolonged CRT, increased HR

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15
Q

What are the physical assessments that indicate a coagulation problem

A

Petechia,ecchymosis, epistaxis, hematuria, hemothorax, hemoabdomen, lethargic

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16
Q

Explain backward CHF

A

Buildup of blood that causes fluid to leak into the lungs and other body cavities

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17
Q

Explain forward CHF

A

Low output from the heart

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18
Q

What are the steps for Basic life support

A

Compressions
Airway
Breathing

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19
Q

How many breaths per minute when giving basic life support

A

10

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20
Q

What BPM should compressions be at during CPR

A

100-120bpm

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21
Q

End tidal values (ETCO2) should be around what

A

40-45mm hg

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22
Q

Epinephrine should be given at low dose _______ and administered every __to__min.

A

0.01mg/kg,
3-5min

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23
Q

What is Vasopressin and when would it be used

A

It is a Vasoconstrictor
Used in treatment of cardiac arrest

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24
Q

What is the suggested dose of vasopressin and how often should is he given?

A

0.8units/kg every 3-5min

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25
What is the recommended dose for atropine
0.04mg/kg
26
What would ventricular fibrillation look like on a ECG
Chaotic electrical activity (quivering back of worms if viewed)
27
What does asystole on an ECG look like
Straight line, no electrical or mechanical activity
28
What is trauma triad of death
Acidosis Hypothermia Coagulopathy
29
What is the goal for albumin values
>2.0
30
What is the goal value for TS
>4.5
31
What is the goal value of the pulse oximeter
>94
32
Most common hereditary bleeding defect in dogs is
Von Willebrand disease
33
What is hypoxemia ?
34
A patient is hypotensive when the MAP BP lower than ____ mm Hg
60
35
What monitor should be used to asses ventilation in anesthetized patients
Capnometry
36
Describe and asystole ECG reading
Straight line There is no electrical or mechanical activity
37
What drugs are typically used to treat Asystole rhythm
Epinephrine, vasopressin, atropine
38
Describe a ventricular tachycardia ECG rhythm
No pulse is detected, but looks like large hills and valleys Considered a shockable rhythm Greater than 200BPM
39
How much SQ fluid can you administer safely at one site
10ml/kg
40
What is the most common type of fluid used in vet med
Isotonic crystalloids
41
What type of transfusion therapy is used for post trauma with significant blood loss
Whole blood
42
What type of transfusion therapy is used for coagulation disorders or hypoalbuminemia
Fresh frozen plasma
43
What type of transfusion therapy is used for increased RBC destruction or decreased RBC production
Packed RBC
44
Which type of canine blood is the most antigenic and should only be given to patients with the same blood type
DEA 1 positive
45
What type of transfusion reaction is seen in a patent with edema, respiratory distress, coughing, hypertension and jugular distention
Transfusion associated circulatory overload
46
What type of transfusion reaction is seen in patients with facial swelling, urticaria, fever to anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity type 1
47
What type of transfusion reaction is seen in patients that have a fever, salivation, vomiting, DIC, and hemoglobinuria
Acute hemolytic reaction
48
You have a patient with pale mm, tachycardia, slightly prolonged CRT. Which phase of shock is your patient most likely in
Compensated
49
Shock index =
HR/ systolic BP
50
What do you expect PCV and TP to be in dehydration patients
Both increased
51
What is the goal of ETCO2 measurement during CPR
> 15mm Hg
52
What is the most appropriate action when the ECG reading indicates Ventricular fibrillation
Perform defibrillation
53
What is the most appropriate action when your patient has a cardiopulmonary arrest during anesthesia
Reverse or stop all anesthetic agents
54
What are the 3 findings that make up the trauma triad of death
Hypothermia, coagulopathy, acidosis
55
Hypothermia During trauma is associated with
Higher morbidity and mortality
56
What is the goal for systolic blood pressure for trauma patients
Between 90-130mm hg
57
What is the imbalance between bleeding, coagulation, and fibrinolysis that is often caused by systemic inflammation
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
58
What is a condition of hyaocoagulability and hyper fibrinolysis that can occur within an hour of trauma
Acute traumatic coagulopathy
59
Decrease in PCV or RBC count indicates
Anemia
60
Volume of blood entering the heart is
Preload
61
Force against which the head ejects =
After load
62
What is it called when the heart no longer is able to pump blood efficiently and fluids build up in the lungs
CHF
63
What category of drugs are used to decrease pulmonary edema
Loop diuretics
64
What heart disease is caused by heart worms blocking the pulmonary artery
Caval syndrome
65
Doses of analgesics may need to be decreased to ___ to____% of normal in critical patients
25-50%

Small Animal Nursing (10 decks)

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