Managing tectonic hazards

Question 1

Mitigation

Answer 1

Identifies the ​characteristics​ of the potential hazard and what can be done reduce their impact​ on people, such as:
- Land use zoning
- Building codes and regulation
- Protective defences (tsunami wall)

Question 2

Preparedness

Answer 2

Minimising loss of life and property - Developing preparation plans
- Developing warning systems
- Stockpiling medicines, food, water etc.
- Education, training, drill

Question 3

Response

Answer 3

Coping with a disaster, the main aims would be to rescue people and reduce economic losses:
- Search and rescue efforts
- Evacuating people
- Restoring vital infrastructure like water and electricity
- Restoring vital services like law enforcement and health care

Question 4

Short term aid

Answer 4

• Providing aid, food, water, shelter
• Providing financial assistance so people can rebuild their livelihoods

Question 5

Long term aid

Answer 5

• Rebuilding homes
• Building and repairing infrastructure - Reopening schools and businesses

Question 6

Modify the event

Answer 6

Control design of buildings by strengthening, diverting flows of lava, building sea walls, reinforce house roofs

Question 7

Modify the vulnerability

Answer 7

Phone warnings, hi tech scientific monitoring, community preparedness and education

Question 8

Modify the loss

Answer 8

Short and long term aid, insurance

Question 9

The role of communities in managing hazards

Answer 9

In remote and isolated areas, it may take a long time for aid to come and people may begin ​local recovery operations​, communities may clear debris from roads and set up temporary shelters

Question 10

The role of NGOs and TNCs in managing hazards

Answer 10

NGOs play a very important role from providing funds, coordination rescue efforts and helping to develop reconstruction plans. Occasionally, TNCs and NGOs may cooperate; Charity buckets or events may be organised by businesses to improve IGOs ability to help

Question 11

Why do governments in developing countries not invest in hazard mitigation?

Answer 11

they tend to focus their resources on development and economic growth. This lack of investment in hazard management often means that less developed countries and their populations are more vulnerable to hazards

Question 12

What contributes to hazard vulnerability?

Answer 12

▪ Unstable political governance​ and/or ​corruption​ - a lack of political cohesion can impact on how prepared a country is for a hazard and can also negatively impact response and recovery efforts after the event
▪ Population density​ - the higher the population density the more people affected by a hazard
▪ Geography ​isolation​ and accessibility - remote, rural areas often have poor transport links which can negatively effect rescue efforts
▪ Level of ​urbanisation​ - urban areas tend to be worse affected by hazards (densely populated)

Question 13

Governance and mitigation

Answer 13

▪ Meeting basic needs​ - When food supply, water supply and health needs are met, the population is generally less vulnerable to secondary hazards such as diseases
▪ Planning​ - Land-use planning can reduce risk by preventing people living in areas of high risk
▪ Preparedness​ - Education and community preparation programmes raise awareness
▪ Corruption​

Question 14

2011 ​Eyjafjallajökull​ eruption​ (iceland)

Answer 14

The significant ash cloud closed European air space, which lead to the halt of goods and trade into the EU by air. This resulted in Kenyan flowers (to be imported into the EU) couldn’t be transported and wilted