MANOVA

Question 1

When is MANOVA used?

Answer 1

When there are two or more DVs

Question 2

What 3 questions can MANOVA help answer?

Answer 2

(1) Do changes in the independent variables (IVs) have significant effects on the DVs?
(2) What relationships exist among DVs?
(3) What relationships exists between IVs?

Question 3

How does MANOVA answer these three questions?

Answer 3

MANOVA uses the covariance between DVs in testing significance of mean differences

Question 4

Running a single MANOVA avoids inflated _____ __ error rates that would occur from running multiple ANOVAs

Answer 4

type 1

Question 5

MANOVA tests the difference between underlying ____ _____ while ANOVA only tests differences among ____ ___ __ _______ ______

Answer 5

latent variables

groups on an observed variable

Question 6

MANOVA is more useful to social scientists because most topics research latent constructs that are not directly observable

Answer 6

Warne, 2014

Question 7

When running a MANOVA, the null hypothesis is that…

Answer 7

all independent groups are equal on all dependent variables

Question 8

4 statistical tests that should be run in order to reject null hypothesis

Answer 8

Pilai’s Trace,
Wilk’s Lambda,
Hotelling’s Trace,
Roy’s Largest Root

Question 9

Despite differences in their formulae, all 4 test the same null hypothesis and can be converted into…

Answer 9

an F-statistic which can then be used to calculate a p-value (Olson, 1976)

Question 10

If there are a large amount of DVs, the 4 tests may be contradictory due to differences in their ____ ____

Answer 10

statistical power

Haase & Ellis, 1987

Question 11

Roys largest root has the most power when…

Answer 11

DVs are highly correlated and represent a single construct.

Question 12

Pilai’s Trace, Wilk’s Lambda and Hotelling’s Trace are more powerful for….

Answer 12

disparate outcome measures (Huberty & Oljenik, 2006)

Question 13

If the data violates any assumptions of the MANOVA, ____ _____ should be used as it is highly robust

Answer 13

Pillai’s trace

Olson, 1976

Question 14

If these tests are significant and null hypothesis is rejected, the researcher will still not know which particular DV is influenced most by a particular IV….

what two follow ups?

Answer 14

Separate ANOVAs and Discriminant Function analysis

Question 15

Who says that following a sig. MANOVA, subsequent ANOVAs are protected against type 1 errors?

Answer 15

Bock (1975)

Question 16

However, a significant MANOVA protects only the DV for which the group differences genuinely exist

citation?

Answer 16

Bray & Maxwell, 1985

Question 17

What should be applied if multiple anovas are run?

Answer 17

bonferroni corrections should be applied (Harris, 1975)

Question 18

who demonstrated that the same data can produce different results when analysis using a MANOVA or a series of ANOVAs.

Answer 18

Fish et al (1988)

Question 19

What does DFA attempt to do?

Answer 19

attempts to best discriminate a set of groups using several predictors

Question 20

How does DFA work?

Answer 20

DFA reduces and explains DVs in terms of a set of underlying dimensions which often reflect theoretical dimensions.

Question 21

How can you check how each DV contributes to that particular dimension

Answer 21

One can consult the standardized discriminant coefficients of significant dimensions

Question 22

n contrast to ANOVA, DFA is more in keeping with the ethos of MANOVA because….

Answer 22

it embraces the relationships that exist between DVs and can illuminate the relationships between DVs and group membership (Warne, 2014)