Manual: Information processing

Question 1

We make our highest level decisions in the ……… .

Answer 1

brain

Question 2

The brain can be thought of as a c………… d…………-m….. .

Answer 2

central decision-maker

Question 3

For high-level decisions, the brain functions as a (multi/single) - channel decision maker.

Answer 3

single-channel

Question 4

A number of high-level decisions will be made by the brain (simultaneously/consecutively).

Answer 4

consecutively

Question 5

Sensory information that we absorb and take note of is said to be p………. stimuli.

Answer 5

perceived

Question 6

The common terms for conscious decision making are t……. or c……… .

Answer 6

thinking or cognition

Question 7

Activities which are so well practiced that we can perform them with little or no conscious effort are called s……., and are run, not by conscious decision-making in the brain, but by m………. p……….. .

Answer 7

skills, motor programs.

Question 8

A primitive level of nervous activity not involving the brain, such as the spontaneous withdrawal of a finger from a pin prick, is called a …….. .

Answer 8

reflex

Question 9

A trained ‘reflex’, where the subject is trained to respond to a second stimulus that is associated with the initial sensory stimulus which causes the response, is called a …… reflex. A good example is P…….. dogs.

Answer 9

conditioned, Pavlov’s

Question 10

Normal bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate are controlled by the …….. nervous system.

Answer 10

autonomic

Question 11

The aim in the initial hours of flying training is to practice things which initially require a lot of c…….. d……-m……… until they become s….. and can be run by m….. p……. with little conscious thought.

Answer 11

conscious decision-making, skills, motor programmes

Question 12

Specialized cells which detect sensory information are called …….. cells.

Answer 12

receptor

Question 13

Continual or repetitive stimulation may cause the receptor cells to ….. to that particular stimulus and not respond to it - for instance, a continual hum or the pressure of clothes we are wearing.

Answer 13

adapt

Question 14

Sensory information is stored very briefly in the ……. memory before it is replaced by newly sensed information. Visual images last about …… second(s); sounds last about …. second(s).

Answer 14

sensory, one, five

Question 15

Anticipating receiving sensory information is good, such as a particular radio message, but we must guard against having a m……… s……. in case the actual message was different.

Answer 15

mind set

Question 16

Sampling stimuli and selecting some of them for further processing is called selective ………. .

Answer 16

attention

Question 17

Switching our attention between two sets of stimuli is called ……. attention or ………. sharing.

Answer 17

divided, time

Question 18

A totally imagined and unreal perception is called a h……….. .

Answer 18

hallucination

Question 19

Misinterpreting stimuli, such as feeling up right when in fact you are in a banked turn, can lead to i…….s.

Answer 19

illusions

Question 20

The short-term memory (does/does not) have a capacity.

Answer 20

does

Question 21

The short term memory can hold about ….. items for …… seconds.

Answer 21

seven, fifteen

Question 22

More information can be retained in the short term memory by condensing several items into one, for instance ‘3020’ as ‘thirty-twenty’, a process known as …………. information.

Answer 22

chunking

Question 23

A word-play to assist in remembering a list of items, such as ‘PUF’ or ‘TMP-FISCH’, is called a …….. .

Answer 23

mnemonic

Question 24

In an attempt to commit certain information to our long-term memory we can …… it in our working memory. This is like ……. learning.

Answer 24

rehearse or repeat, rote

Question 25

The process of remembering some-thing by understanding it, rather than just rehearsing or repeating it, is called ........ .

Answer 25

encoding

Question 26

The part of the memory where information is filed away for later use, perhaps years later, is called the ....... .... ..... .

Answer 26

long-term memory

Question 27

The long term memory appears to have two areas, one where m.......... are stored and one where e...... are stored.

Answer 27

meanings, events

Question 28

The meaning part of the long-term memory is also called the ....... memory. Giving our full attention to new material so that we really understand it (helps/ will not help) in encoding it into our meaning memory.

Answer 28

semantic, helps

Question 29

Events are stored in a part of the long-term memory which is also known as the ........ memory. This part of the memory (is/is not) prone to inaccuracies.

Answer 29

episodic, is

Question 30

The time between perceiving a stimulus and responding to it is called the ......... time.

Answer 30

responce

Question 31

Motor programs, such as turning right, are (often/never) initiated by the central decision-maker.

Answer 31

often

Question 32

Activities run by a motor program should (never/periodically) be monitored.

Answer 32

periodically

Question 33

The pilot capability line (can/cannot) be raised by good training, fitness and adequate rest.

Answer 33

can