Manual of Preventive Medicine, Chapter 6, Water Supply Afloat Flashcards by Kay H

___ is responsible for the chloride and hydrogen ion testing of the ship’s P/W

Engineering officer

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___ shall ensure minimum halogen residuals are maintained in a P/W tank before placing the tank on-line to the P/W distribution system

Engineering department

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Responsible for collection of sample for coliform bacteria testing as prescribed and halogen residuals from the distribution system

Medical Department Representative (MDR)

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Avoid making water while operating in ___

Harbors or from polluted seawater

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Seawater shall be assumed polluted when ships are operated in ___

Close formation

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While making P/W, care must be taken not to strip fuel waste tanks or empty bilges forward of the ___

Salt-water intakes

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VOCs

Volatile Organic Chemicals

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Have a lower boiling point than water and which could be present in contaminated source waters

VOCs

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VOCs can ___

Vaporize and mix with the water vapor during the distillation process, carrying over into the condensate chamber and distillate reservoir

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___ water tends to be mineral free and can be highly corrosive to metal piping and storage tanks

Distilled

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Used aboard for drinking, laundry, medical, personal hygiene, and other purposes

P/W

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Direct chemical additives to P/W systems afloat should be tested/certified by the product manufacturer IAW ___

National Sanitation Foundation International Standard known as NSF/ANSI Standard 60

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Indirect chemical additives to P/W systems afloat should be tested/certified by the product manufacturer IAW ___

NSF/ANSI Standard 61

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Use of seawater in food service spaces including sculleries is ___

Prohibited and seawater outlets in these spaces must be removed

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Exception to seawater in sculleries

Specific garbage grinders, which use seawater flush and have been approved by BUMED for use in designated sculleries

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Installation of salt water flush garbage grinders precludes storage of ___ in the scullery because of concerns for ___

Clean dishware or other items

Aerosol contamination

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Used aboard ships such as in fire mains, decontamination, and for marine sanitation devices flushing

Seawater

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If unusual conditions require drastic restrictions in the use of P/W, the allowances should not be less than ____ to be used for drinking and cooking purposes

2 gallons per day per man

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For new ship constructions, ____ of P/W supply is specified by NAVSEA for design considerations, including uses in drinking water, galley, scullery, personal hygiene, and laundry

50 gallons per day per man

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A ___ shall be completed prior to the initial transfer of water

FAC, chloramines, or TBR

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If water taken onboard does not have the required halogen residual, the ship must ___, or ____

Boost halogen residual

Shore facility boost halogen residual in source water

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When P/W from the transferring source contains the proper halogen residual ___

No further treatment is necessary

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P/W connections between shore and ships must be made or supervised by ___

Authorized shore station personnel

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In the event of no shore personnel are available to make or supervise the connection of P/W between ship and shore ____

Properly trained ship personnel will complete this responsibility

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The individual making the P/W connection shall ensure hoses are not connected to a ____

Non-potable water system

Engineering will notify the ___ prior to making P/W hose connections

MDR

The ___ shall determine if the correct halogen residual is present in the source water and if it is not, they must notify the ___

MDR | Engineering Department Representative

P/W hoses shall not be submerged in ___

Harbor water

P/W may be taken from U.S. Military sources including establishments under the cognizance of the ___

British Royal Navy Canadian Forces Royal Australian Navy

OCONUS water source information may be obtained from ____

U.S. military representatives ashore | Navy Environmental Preventive Medicine Units

Bottled water must be obtained from ___

DoD approved sources

All water supplied by public or private systems not listed should be considered ___

Of doubtful quality

When doubt exists of the quality of the water ___

The MDR or responsible officer must investigate the source and examine the water as thoroughly as possible, and then advise the CO relative to necessary procedures, safeguards, and disinfection

P/W hoses shall not be used for ___

Any other purpose

P/W hoses must be ___

Properly labeled, stored, and protected from sources of contamination

Shipboard P/W risers shall be at least __ off the deck and turned ___, except when the risers are located ___

18" Down Within the ship

P/W riser must be properly labeled and fitted with ___

A cap and keeper chain

P/W riser valve or valve handles must be properly ___

Color coded

Riser hose connections shall be ___ prior to connection

Disinfected

P/W tank sounding tubes will be equipped with ___

Screw caps attached to keeper chains

P/W tank sounding tubes screw caps will be ___

Secured with a lock

On those ships equipped with sounding rods, the rod should ___

Remain in the tube at all times

P/W sounding tapes must be ___ prior to each use and shall ___

Sanitized | Only be used for P/W tank volume measurements

Disinfect connections using ___

A solution of 100-ppm FAC

Distillation plants have three general types, depending on ___

The source of the heat used to evaporate seawater

Three types of distillation plants

Steam distilling plants Waste heat distilling plants Vapor compression type distilling plants

Steam distilling plants are subdivided into two groups

Submerged type | Flash type

Steam distilling plant subdivisions differ mainly in ___

The heating elements and evaporator shell

___ distilling plants are submerged in the tube type and use heat derived from the diesel engine jacket water

Waste heat

___ distilling plants require primarily only electrical energy for operations

Vapor compression type

RO consists of a pre-filtration section that typically includes ___

A course strainer Centrifugal separator Cartridge filters that remove suspended particles as small as 1 micron in some cases

Typically ___ of the water in the RO permeates though the membrane to become fresh water

20 - 25%

RO is not solely relied upon for accomplishing ___ in single pass RO

Pathogen removal

In ___ RO plants additional disinfection requirement is waived

Triple pass

Single pass RO purity ranges from ___

350 - 500 ppm TDS

Distilled water purity ranges from ___

1 - 2 ppm TDS

Triple pass RO purity can be less than ___

1.0 ppm TDS

Low TDS distilled water and multiple pass RO water can be more ___ to plumbing and storage tanks than single pass RO water

Corrosive

Water high in ___ after multiple passes through RO membranes can also be corrosive

Dissolved gasses

Although P/W production/treatment is an engineering responsibility, the ___ must be cognizant of the process to adequately provide surveillance and recommendations

MDR

The construction and location of P/W tanks should prevent ___

Contamination of the water

The ___ is subjected to maximum external pressure from water that may be heavily polluted

Ship bottom

P/W tanks should not be filled with ballast water unless ___

Absolutely necessary for the survival of the ship

When non-potable liquid is introduced into P/W tanks ____

All tanks, lines, fittings, and pumps must be disconnected, plugged, capped, and not reconnected until adequately cleaned, flushed, disinfected, and tested

The openings of P/W vents and overflow lines must be screened with ____

18-mesh or finer non-corrosive metal wire

P/W vents and overflow lines must not terminate in ____

Food service, medical, toilet, or other spaces where contamination or odors may be transmitted to the water, nor in any space where electrical or electronic equipment is located

In no instance will P/W tanks vent ___

Outside the ship

The construction and location of manholes should minimize the possibility of ___

Contamination

If a manhole is located on the side of the tank, ___ construction is acceptable

Flush-type

If a manhole is located on the top of the tank, a ___ must be provided and the manhole cover must ___

Coaming or curb rising at least 1/2" above the top of the tank Extend to the outer edge of the curb or flange

The manhole cover must have ___

An intact gasket and a device for securing it in place

Ships using sounding rods, when not in use should ___

Remain in the sounding tube at all times

On those ships using steel tapes for sounding, the tapes must be ___

Sanitized prior to each use, stored in a sanitary manner, and used only for P/W measurements

To sanitize P/W sounding tape ___

Soak the entire tape in a solution of 100-ppm FAC solution for 2 minutes or wiping the tape with clean gauze soaked in an approved disinfectant solution

Where a common line is used to load and distribute P/W to non-potable tanks must be through an ____

Air gap or approved and appropriate backflow prevention device

Filling lines that have common piping arrangement for directing P/W from an approved source to non-potable water systems by means off valves or interchangeable pipe fittings are ___

Not acceptable

Filling connections must be ____, and secured with ____

Clearly labeled and color-coded | Screw caps attached with keeper chains

Filling connection hose valves must be at least ___ above the deck and ____ to protect it from contamination

18" | Turned down

Special attention must be given to P/W piping located in ___, particularly the piping on the ___ side of the P/W pump

The bilge area | Suction side

The P/W piping in the bilge area should be ___

Hydrostatically tested

P/W piping through non-potable tanks and piping non-potable liquid through P/W tanks must have ___

The pipe surrounded by sloped self-draining pipe tunnel

Ensure adequate ___ is provided between the P/W outlet and a non-potable water system, fixture or machine

Air gap or approved backflow prevention device

All P/W pumps should be ___

Air-tight and free from cross connections

____ should never be used for priming P/W pumps or maintaining packing gland seals

Non-potable water

P/W pumps that have be dismantled for repair must be ___ prior to being returned to service

Disinfected after reassembly

The temperature setting for the hot water heaters serving habitability space showers and lavatories must be set not to exceed ____ at the water tap

120*F

Point of use P/W treatment devices such as charcoal impregnated or other filter equipment use are generally ___

Not recommended

Only ___ certified point of use devices shall be used

NSF

Why are point of use devices not recommended?

Remove trace halogen residual, and charcoal filtration devices can promote bacterial growth

In the event of a break or compromise in the P/W system, or a P/W tank is entered for any reason, all involved tanks, parts, and lines must be ___

Cleaned, flushed, and disinfected

The ___ must be notified of the break or entry and the disinfection procedure accomplished by the engineering department

MDR

For P/W piping repairs including flanged joints, only sealants and lubricants certified to ___ shall be used

NSF/ANSI Standard 61

P/W sounding tubes will be ____, and the cap will be color coded ____

Labeled with an identification plate | Dark blue

On ships using steel tapes for sounding P/W tanks, the tape handle must be ___

Color coded dark blue or identified "POTABLE WATER USE ONLY"

Valves for receiving or supplying P/W must be conspicuously designated by a warning plate bearing the inscription ____ in _____

POTABLE WATER ONLY | 1/4" high letters

P/W hoses must be labeled ___ with ___ every ____ and the end couplings ____

POTABLE WATER ONLY 1" high letters 10 feet Painted dark blue

P/W piping passing through any given space must be ___

Appropriately labeled to indicate the type of service and with an arrow indicating the direction of flow

P/W hose storage lockers must be identified and labeled ___

POTABLE WATER HOSE

When not in use P/W hoses must be ___

Coupled or capped and stored in designated lockers

P/W hose lockers must be ___

Vermin-proof, locked, and be elevated at least 18" off of the deck when located on weather decks and sponsons

___ must be posted in a conspicuous location inside the hose storage locker

Printed instructions for disinfection of P/W hoses and risers

___ is required to ensure the destruction of pathogenic organisms

Disinfection of water

___ is the usual method of guarding against contamination or accidents that may occur during the production, handling, storage, and distribution of P/W

Maintenance of halogen residual

The absence of FAC or TBR in the ship's P/W may indicate ___

Contamination

Where certain organic substances are present, very small concentrations of combined chlorine or bromine can produce ____

Undesirable tastes or odors

Safety of water

Potability

Taste of water

Palatability

The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level for all disinfectants at ___

4 ppm

The amount of chlorine or bromine used through reaction with substances present in the water

Halogen demand

Shipboard water is disinfected by the addition of sufficient chlorine or bromine to produce not less than ___ FAC or TBR after 30 minute contact time measured at ___

0.2 ppm | The P/W tank

___ methods of treatment are preferable to chlorine batch treatment procedures

Mechanical

Chlorine is available for shipboard use as ___

Calcium hypochlorite (HTH 65-70% available chlorine), 6-oz bottle, a granular solid or sodium hypochlorite in varying strengths, as a liquid

HTH is most frequently used because of its ___

Relatively long shelf life and reduced storage requirements

HTH presents a potential personnel and fire hazard due to ___

Its corrosiveness and chemically active nature

HTH is classified as ___

Hazardous

Contact between HTH and oxidizable material may result in ___

Spontaneous combustion

HTH should be obtained in ___

6-oz containers

HTH should be stored in ___

A cool, dry, well-ventilated place with no danger of contact with oxidizable material

Calcium or sodium hypochlorite will ___ gradually with age and more rapidly when ___

Lose strength | Opened or stored in hot spaces or sunlight

Manual of Preventive Medicine, Chapter 6, Water Supply Afloat Flashcards

(119 cards)