March 31

Question 1

chronic gastritis

Answer 1

mucosal inflammation –> hypochlorhydia and hypergastrinemia and intestinal metaplasia

Question 2

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 2

gram negative rod

tx: macrolides or quinolone

Question 3

Red Pulp of spleen

Answer 3

contains macrophages that remove excess membrane on RBCs (target cells)

target cells = no red pulp

Question 4

Rotavirus

Answer 4

1 cause of fatal diarrhea in kids

Reovirus

naked, dsRNA linear segmental - “wheel shaped”

Question 5

Vibrio vulnificus

Answer 5

gram negative motile curved rod-shaped bacillus, lactose fermentor

associated with salt water and seafood

can cause a blistering dermatitis with tense bullae

Question 6

Barking cough in a toddler

Answer 6

Croup = parainfluenza = paramyxoviruses
-sslinear enveloped RNA

harsh barking cough

Question 7

C5-C9 deficiency

Answer 7

increased susceptibility to neisseria

Question 8

ABG of DKA

Answer 8

decreased PCO2 (kussmaul)
decreased bicard (metabolic acidosis)
anion gap (#mudpiles = low bicarb)

Question 9

increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone

Answer 9

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 10

Ciprofloxacin = Fluoroquinolones

Answer 10

don’t take with antacids (like calcium carbonate)

Question 11

Statins

Answer 11

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
increase LDL receptors
decreased mevalonate/ mevalonic acid (which then goes to cholesterol) synthesis

cause increased transcription of HMG-CoA

Question 12

Macula Densa

Answer 12

sensing contents of Distal Convoluted tubules

Question 13

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Answer 13

main actor in surfactant

aka lecithin

Question 14

what is heme made from

Answer 14

glycine + succinyl CoA, B6 is the cofactor!

Question 15

vomitting

Answer 15

pH increased 
HCO3- increased
anion gap normal 
Na increased
potassium down 
H down

Question 16

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

Answer 16

3,4,5 (V1, V2),6

Question 17

Carotid sinus

Answer 17

baroreceptor (pressure)

CNIX afferent
CNX efferent

Question 18

Carotid body

Answer 18

chemoreceptor (For O2

CNIX afferent
CNX efferent

Question 19

Diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 19

congenital defect of pleuroperitoneal membrane

Question 20

Flexion of DIPs

Answer 20

flexor digitorum profundus

Question 21

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 21

X-linked recessive

Question 22

cystocele

Answer 22

bladder prolapse into anterior vagina

Question 23

melanoma

Answer 23

worse in subcutaneous which is deeper than the basement membrane

Question 24

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus

Answer 24

nephrotoxic

Question 25

where is the tau in alzheimers

Answer 25

inside the cyToplasms

Question 26

pale poops

Answer 26

insufficient bile output cholecystitis, pancreatitis, cirrhosis, etc stercobilin - makes poop brown

Question 27

Pompe

Answer 27

alpha-1,4 glucosidase

Question 28

Liquefactive necrosis

Answer 28

in the brain in bacterial abscesses like in klebsiella

Question 29

histone acetylase

Answer 29

activating for transcription

Question 30

Autoregulation in the heart

Answer 30

adenosine, NO

Question 31

PTU

Answer 31

agranulocytosis --> ulcerative pharyngeal disease

Question 32

Paclitaxel

Answer 32

stabilizes microtubules inhibits microtubule disassembly

Question 33

Diphenhydramine

Answer 33

H1 blocker ``` anti muscarinic (M3) anti alpha-adrenergic ```

Question 34

athletes hearts

Answer 34

eccentric hypertrophy exercise induced cardiomegaly added in series

Question 35

rapid induction of anesthetics

Answer 35

decreased solubility in the blood

Question 36

high potency

Answer 36

increased solubility in lipids