marine environment

Question 1

shape and depth of the sea floor

Answer 1

bathymetry

Question 2

deepest parts of the ocean

Answer 2

trench

Question 3

transition from continental crust to oceanic crust

Answer 3

continental slope

Question 4

gentel angle of slope down to the edge of the abyssal plains

Answer 4

continental rise

Question 5

shallow submarine terrace of continental crust

Answer 5

continental shelf

Question 6

flat depositional surface of the sea floor

Answer 6

abyssal plains

Question 7

200 meters water depth

Answer 7

neritic zone

Question 8

200 - 2000 meters water depth

Answer 8

bathyal

Question 9

2000 - 5000 meters water depth

Answer 9

abyssal zone

Question 10

more than 5000 meters water depth

Answer 10

hadal zone

Question 11

region between mean high water and low water marks of tides

Answer 11

foreshore

Question 12

region of the shelf between the low tide mark and depth to which waves normally affects the sea bottom

Answer 12

shoreface

Question 13

the deeper shelf area between the fair weather and storm weather bases

Answer 13

offshore transition zone

Question 14

region below the storm wave base and extends out to the shelf edge break at around 200 meters depth

Answer 14

offshore zone

Question 15

the cyclic rising and falling of earth’s ocean surface

Answer 15

tides

Question 16

bulge of water due to gravity

Answer 16

tidal bulge

Question 17

at any point of the surface the level of water will rise and fall twice a day as two bulges are passed in each other

Answer 17

diurnal tides

Question 18

when the sun and moon are aligned, occurs during full and new moon

Answer 18

spring tides

Question 19

when the sun and moon are at right angles, the tides are not too high or low

Answer 19

neap tides

Question 20

vertical motion of tides

Answer 20

tidal current

Question 21

tidal current moves toward the land

Answer 21

flood

Question 22

tidal current moves away the land

Answer 22

ebbs

Question 23

the depth to which there is wave influenced motion under normal weather conditions

Answer 23

fair weather wave base

Question 24

the depth waves reach when the surface waves have higher energy due to stronger winds driving them

Answer 24

storm weather wave base

Question 25

current driven by the difference of water density (salinity and temp)

Answer 25

thermo-haline current

Question 26

wind driven currents r

Answer 26

geostrophic currents

Question 27

a mudrock that contains 1-15% organic carbon

Answer 27

blackshale

Question 28

gark green mineral that is found quite commonly in marine sediments

Answer 28

glauconite

Question 29

sed rx erniched with phosphorous

Answer 29

phosphorites

Question 30

materials distributed on shelves and epicontinental seas by tides, waves, storms and ocean

Answer 30

terrigenous material

Question 31

consists of rounded mounds of sand on the sea floor a few cm high

Answer 31

hummocky cross stratification

Question 32

between hummocks lies swales and where concave layers in the are preserved

Answer 32

swaley cross stratification

Question 33

any shallow marine environment where there is an accumulation of carbonate seds

Answer 33

carbonate platform

Question 34

platform attached to a continental mass

Answer 34

carbonate shelf

Question 35

isolated platforms that are surrounded by deep water

Answer 35

carbonate banks

Question 36

formed above a subsiding volcano

Answer 36

carbonate atoll

Question 37

gentle slope down deep with no breaks in slope

Answer 37

carbonate ramp

Question 38

flat-topped with a sharp change in slope at the edge forming a steep margin

Answer 38

rimmed shelf

Question 39

an accumulation of sediments in the margins of a continent, where wave energy is strong and very present

Answer 39

beach

Question 40

sediments seperates the open sea from a laggon

Answer 40

barrier

Question 41

coastal bodies of water that have very limited connection to the open sea

Answer 41

lagoons

Question 42

sites of fine-grained sedimentation forming layers off carbonate mudstone and wackestone

Answer 42

carbonate lagoons

Question 43

hot, dry climate, tapos nagka lagoon by influx of water

Answer 43

arid lagoons

Question 44

lies above the mean high water mark and is only inundated by seawater under exceptional circumstances, such as very high tides sand storm conditions

Answer 44

supratidal carbonate flats

Question 45

sites of evaporite formations. gypsum and anhydrite grow within the sed while a crust of halite forms at the surface,

Answer 45

arid sabkha flats

Question 46

deposits of ime mud and shelly mud are subject to subaerial desication at low tide

Answer 46

intertidal deposits

Question 47

carbonate bodies mainy built by framework-building benthic organisms such as corals

Answer 47

reefs

Question 48

sed body consisting of structure less fine crystalline carbonate

Answer 48

carbonate mud mounts

Question 49

transitional environment between marine and terrestrial environment: tall trees, woody

Answer 49

swamp

Question 50

transitional environment between marine and terrestrial environment: grasses

Answer 50

marsh

Question 51

transitional environment between marine and terrestrial environment: mosses

Answer 51

bogs

Question 52

originate from the reef, characterized by a range of fabrics

Answer 52

slump

Question 53

sand is transported down steep slopes by dispersive pressure

Answer 53

grain flow deposits

Question 54

poorly sorted clast-rich, muddy deposits here the clasts are transported down slope of buoyancy pressure

Answer 54

debris flow deposits

Question 55

deposit of a turbidity current

Answer 55

turbidites

Question 56

fine-grained material derived from the platform and resedimented by suspension into the slope and basinal environment

Answer 56

hemipelagic carbonates

Question 57

sediment is deposited by slow suspension of material biochemically produced in surface waters

Answer 57

pelagic carbonates