marine fishes chapter 8

Question 1

coloration

Answer 1

varies, some use it for camouflage, soe fish are brightly colored

Question 2

chromatophores

Answer 2

specialized cells that are irregular in shape and radiate from the center

contracting and expanding pigment in chromatophore

Question 3

what gives fish their color

Answer 3

combination of chromatophores and pigment

Question 4

iridophore

Answer 4

specialized chromatophore that contains tiny crystal to make iridescents
salmon, tuna, sword fish

Question 5

how fish use color - warning

Answer 5

color poisonous or bad taste

Question 6

how fish use color - cryptic cloration

Answer 6

blending into the enviorment

Question 7

how fish use color - disruptive cloration

Answer 7

stripes or other patterns to break up the outline of the fish

Question 8

countershading

Answer 8

common in open water predators

white/silver belly and gray/blue back to bled in with light or sea floor

Question 9

what can affect color

Answer 9

stress mood and reproductive conditions

Question 10

what makes a fish a fish

Answer 10

vertebrata (have backbone)
contain backbone, nerve chord, and brain
have bilateral symmetry
half of all species of vertebrates on earth

Question 11

jawless // agnatha

Answer 11

most primitive group
lack true jaws, feed by suction
lack paired fins and scales

Question 12

cartilaginous

Answer 12

chondrichthyes
skeleton made of cartilage
paired lateral fins
placoid scales or dermal denticles

sharks, rays, and skates and rat fishes

Question 13

bony fish

Answer 13

osteichthyes
23,000 species
skeleton made of bone
96% of fish in this
have swim bladder

Question 14

body shape is related to

Answer 14

lifestyle

Question 15

fast swimmers

Answer 15

streamlined/torpedo body

Question 16

leisurley swimmers

Answer 16

laterally compressed - still enough speed to get away from predators

Question 17

bottom swimmers

Answer 17

dorsoventrally flattened

Question 18

eel-like fish

Answer 18

ribbon like bodies - good for hiding in small places

Question 19

irregular shapes

Answer 19

puffer and seam horse

Question 20

locomotion

Answer 20

how fish move

Question 21

fish swimming constantly

Answer 21

cartilagenous fish have to swim non stop to keep water moving over gills

Question 22

myomeres

Answer 22

bands of muscle that contract rythmically allowing the trail to move side to side

Question 23

swim bladder

Answer 23

lift it

Question 24

caudal fin

Answer 24

move it forward

Question 25

pectroal fins

Answer 25

provide lift

Question 26

dorsal and anal fins

Answer 26

balence and streering

Question 27

pelvin

Answer 27

turn balence and brake

Question 28

shark teeth

Answer 28

carnivores, teeth adapted to prey sharp teeth take bites of large prey sharp and serrated for tearing large prey

Question 29

flath teeth

Answer 29

crushing crustaceans common in bottom feeding sharks

Question 30

bony fishes eat

Answer 30

larger variety of food and have various means of catching food

Question 31

filter feeding

Answer 31

water flows throgh mouth and gills and food is caught by the gill rakers and food is swallowed whale sharks, basking shark, many rays

Question 32

food passage

Answer 32

esophogus, stomach, and intestine

Question 33

digestive enzymes secreted by

Answer 33

plyoric caeca and pancreas

Question 34

live secrets

Answer 34

bile and contains oil for buyoncy for sharks