Marketisation & Privatisation

Question 1

Ball and Youdell (2007) identified endogenous and exogenous privatisation in the education system.
What do these mean?

Answer 1

Endogenous = schools are privatised from within.

Exogenous = government privatisation.

Question 2

Give an example of exogenous privatisation, Ball and Youdell (2007).

Answer 2

Free schools.

Question 3

Give an example of endogenous privatisation, Ball and Youdell (2007).

Answer 3

Advertising against competitors.

Question 4

There has been a growth in private companies interfering in the education system. Give an example.

Answer 4

Educational Testing Service was given a contract to manage SATS.

Question 5

There has been a growth in private companies interfering in the education system. What did labour argue this would provide?

Answer 5

Greater equality

Question 6

The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. What are these?

Answer 6

New academies that are government funded & not controlled by local authorities.

Question 7

Who was education secretary in the coalition?

Answer 7

Michael Gove - tory.

Question 8

The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. Free schools have the same _______ as _________.

Answer 8

benefits as academies.

Question 9

The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. How are free schools different to academies?

Answer 9

Usually brand new institutions whereas academies are converted existing schools ran by local authorities.

Question 10

The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. How many are there currently in the UK?

Answer 10

393

Question 11

The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. What are some of the criticisms of free schools? (2)

Answer 11

Break up the school system

Very expensive

Question 12

The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. Why?

Answer 12

Seen as a way to drive up standards & increase school places.

Question 13

The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. How much evidence is there for free schools driving up standards?

Answer 13

Very little

Question 14

The coalition government (2010-2015) introduced free schools. Critics state individuals can make a lot of money out of free schools and academies (new labour). Expand on this.

Answer 14

Profit-making companies whose services are contracted out to might make decisions based on profit, not education.

Question 15

The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed the curriculum. How were A levels made more difficult?
(2)

Answer 15

Removed opportunities to re-sit A level exams.

Separated AS from A level so they would have to sit AS first.

Question 16

The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed the curriculum. How was the national curriculum made more traditional?

Answer 16

Made 5-year-olds learn fractions & placed higher emphasis on grammar & spelling in English.

Question 17

The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed the curriculum. What was the EBac (English Baccalaureate)?

Answer 17

Ensured certain subjects regarded as academic had to be passed to gain certain qualifications eg GCSEs.

Question 18

The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed league tables. How did this happen?

Answer 18

Based them on percentage of students who attained GCSE 9-4 in a specific range of subjects.

Question 19

How did the coalition government (2010-2015) change the Educational Maintenance Allowance (EMA)?

Answer 19

Scrapped it

Question 20

The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed vocational qualifications. How?

Answer 20

Decreased it by counting only 125 vocational qualifications as GCSE equivalent compared to the previously accepted 3,175.

Question 21

The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed university education. How did tuition fees change?

Answer 21

£3,225 a year to max £9,000 a year.

Question 22

The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed university education. When did students have to start paying back student loans?

Answer 22

Once they started earning over £21,000 a year + interest.

Question 23

The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed university education. How did rules in admission change?

Answer 23

Relaxed so that by 2014, unis could expand & take on more students.

Question 24

What was the coalition government’s (2010-2015) main criticism of the education system?

Answer 24

It was too easy to gain qualifications.

Question 25

What is pupil premium? (3)

Answer 25

Benefit for schools for no. of students on low income & eligible for FSM. £900 per pupil per year. Headteachers decide what happens to it.

Question 26

The coalition government (2010-2015) reformed university education. Some argue the increased cost is off-putting for working-class students. How is it defended by the new right? (2)

Answer 26

Maintenance grants help cover living costs. Students pay back debts when they earn £21,000 a year & wiped out after 30 years.

Question 27

Give an example of the coalition government (2010-2015) being a success.

Answer 27

At end of new labour, privileged students were 3.2x more likely to go to uni than poorer students. Reduced to 2.8x by 2013.

Question 28

Give an example of the coalition government (2010-2015) NOT being a success.

Answer 28

Gender gap in applications & acceptances continued to increase. In 2013, 21% more female than male 18-year-olds entered university.

Question 29

Criticisms of the coalition government (2010-2015): ____ schools and _______ reduced the ______ available for other schools. _____ _______ is not always spent on helping the most ___________ pupils - some schools have admitted using it for _____ ________.

Answer 29

a) free b) academies c) budget d) pupil premium e) disadvantaged f) other purposes