MARXISM AND NEO-MARXISM

Question 1

traditional marxists argue that capitalism is …?

Answer 1

criminogenic.

Question 2

what does criminogenic mean?

Answer 2

that it creates crime.

Question 3

what do they also argue capitalism places high importance on?

Answer 3

money, profit and consumerism.

Question 4

what is consumerism?

Answer 4

wanting more and more stuff.

Question 5

what do adverts on TV give children?

Answer 5

false needs - need stuff to be happy.

Question 6

what type of envy is there among the working classes?

Answer 6

culture of envy.

Question 7

what is culture of envy?

Answer 7

they desperately want the consumer goods that the higher classes have.

Question 8

how does culture of envy relate to crime and deviance?

Answer 8

when they see these goods, they will do anything to get them and therefore use illegitimate means.

Question 9

what also motivates the m/c to do white-collar crimes?

Answer 9

to be the best - wealthier and more successful.

Question 10

who do people argue laws enforced by the ruling class benefit?

Answer 10

the ruling class and their interests.

Question 11

give an example of these laws benefitting the r/c?

Answer 11

laws on private property bc they own most of it.

Question 12

what is false class consciousness?

Answer 12

preventing the w/c from challenging their position in society.

Question 13

how would functionalists argue against this Marxist perspective?

Answer 13

they would say that laws benefit everyone eg. health and safety laws benefit employers and employees.

Question 14

what type of policing do marxists argue happens?

Answer 14

selective policing.

Question 15

why do police arrest these people?

Answer 15

because they fit the police stereotype of a criminal.

Question 16

what would traditional marxists say about selective policing?

Answer 16

that it is deliberate - takes attention away from r/c so they can commit crimes.

Question 17

what type of harmful crimes are the r/c most likely to commit?

Answer 17

corporate crimes - tax evasion by big companies.

Question 18

a real life example of selective policing?

Answer 18

zero tolerance policing in Baltimore, USA, resulted in working class black people constantly being arrested for petty crimes (drinking on street/spitting).

Question 19

who do the CJS tend to be more lenient on?

Answer 19

middle class offenders.

Question 20

what do the CJS assume has happened if a m/c person is caught doing crime?

Answer 20

it is a blip or mishap.

Question 21

what do m/c offenders use to get cases dropped/lighter sentences?

Answer 21

economic capital.

Question 22

what evaluation could u give marxists based on economic determinism?

Answer 22

money is not the only reason behind crime, there are other motives eg. revenge or excitement.

Question 23

what do Neo-marxists argue crime is a result of?

Answer 23

capitalism.

Question 24

however, where do they differ in terms are w/c are not forced into crime?

Answer 24

they argue that people have free will and choose to commit crime - not forced due to capitalism.

Question 25

what did Taylor, Walton and Young make?

Answer 25

" a fully social theory of deviance."

Question 26

what is a fully social theory of deviance?

Answer 26

combined elements of tradit marxism and labelling theory.

Question 27

did T, W and Y agree with both of these concepts?

Answer 27

YES.

Question 28

who then applies T, W and Y theory to his study of muggings in the 1970's?

Answer 28

Hall et al.

Question 29

what was Hall et al's study called?

Answer 29

policing the crisis.

Question 30

what happened in the 1970's to start these muggings?

Answer 30

the UK faced an economic and political crisis, leaving many unemployed and homeless - strikes and muggings were becoming common.

Question 31

what did this mugging situation create?

Answer 31

a crisis of hegemony.

Question 32

what is a crisis of hegemony?

Answer 32

the dominance and acceptance of ruling class ideas by the rest of society.

Question 33

in the 1970's what was there increased conflict between?

Answer 33

the police and the black community.

Question 34

whom was chosen for the scapegoat of these muggings?

Answer 34

"the black mugger".

Question 35

what did the media do about these muggings?

Answer 35

exaggerated the number of them - making black crime look like a real problem.

Question 36

what was the moral panic normalising against black ppl?

Answer 36

justified more aggressive and repressive policing against the black community.

Question 37

what did the moral panic in the 1970's help to do?

Answer 37

reassert hegemony - making ppl forget that capitalism was the problem.

Question 38

give me a statistic for black ppl being more accused of crime?

Answer 38

black ppl are 8 times more likely to be stopped and searched than any other ethnic group in the UK.