Mary stability monarchy

Question 1

when did Mary proclaim queen

Answer 1

July 1553

Question 2

who supported Mary

Answer 2

Charles V + Simon Renard ( imperial ambassador)

Question 3

how much influence did Simon reward hold?

Answer 3

virtually direct England affairs

Question 4

what’s the protestant view of Mary

Answer 4

-cruel tyrant - torture + burning in enforcing Catholicism

Question 5

3 issues surrounding female rule

Answer 5

• unable to control factions + lead battles
• marriage = husband would assume power
• empress Matilda 12th century = civil war

Question 6

timeline (of Mary’s ascension)

-what happened on 10 July

Answer 6

lady Jane grey proclaimed queen

Question 7

timeline (of Mary’s ascension)

-11 July

Answer 7

northumberland leaves London + his sons unsuccessful intercepting Mary

Question 8

timeline (of Mary’s ascension)

-13 July

Answer 8

northumberland believed enough strength to defeat Mary

Question 9

how dangerous was northumberland’s attempted coup d’état for Mary ?

Answer 9

• Mary had support Protestants in Norfolk despite religion
• Henry has named her heir
• northumberland no support privy council

Question 10

what did Henry fear about Mary

Answer 10

• war of roses - weak monarchy enabled ambitious ‘over mighty subjects’ to indulge

Question 11

what was the financial issue for Mary

Answer 11

-inherited northumberland issues and gave away crown lands for monastic foundations

Question 12

one example of Mary’s success in financial policy

Answer 12

1558 book of rates - increase custom revenue £29,000 to £85,000

Question 13

BUT Marys success

Answer 13

Mary die before effect - Elizabeth enjoys success of Mary

Question 14

who were the two candidates for Mary’s marriage ?

Answer 14

Edward Courtenay earl devon - supported by gardener

-Phillip spain - supported by Paget

Question 15

why did Mary favour Phillip

Answer 15

closer link to habsburgs

Question 16

when did Mary pass marriage treaty

Answer 16

7 October 1554

Question 17

what did Gardiner do in response to Mary’s treaty

Answer 17

petition to hisses of commons

Question 18

evidence from marriage that Mary in control

Answer 18

commons attempt to block via petition BUT 1554 mary signs marriage treaty

Question 19

how was marriage treaty favourable to England

Answer 19

phillip has to respect peace w/ france ‘queen has total control of all offices, land = revenues

Question 20

how did treaty prove female rule was a problem ?

Answer 20

treaty has to assert that mary would have total control = not a give rule

Question 21

what is an example of instability caused by Mary’s marriage ?

Answer 21

James croft + sir Peter Carew lead rebellion (Wyatt’s rebellion)

Question 22

CA to example causing instability in Mary’s marriage

Answer 22

rebellion blocked by ppl of London - support Mary

Question 23

who specifically out of Phillip’s advisors in England was feared and why ?

Answer 23

friar alfonso de castro - authority on persecuting heretics

Question 24

by 1559 what was said about Spanish in Mary’s court?

Answer 24

‘once scarce believe that so much mischief could be done in such a short time’

Question 25

what treaty failed

Answer 25

1556 treaty of vaucelles (peace Scotland + france_

Question 26

what happened in 1557

Answer 26

enters French x Spanish conflict

Question 27

what was England facing

Answer 27

war on two fronts

Question 28

example one front

Answer 28

Scottish attack north

Question 29

what happened in 1557

Answer 29

capture St Quentin- success French 75,000 troops

Question 30

BUT January 1558

Answer 30

30,000 French defeat calais garrison = national disastor

Question 31

what did the French x Spanish conflict do for Mary's reputation ?

Answer 31

last continental possession of calais lost = national defeat

Question 32

who did northumberland marry lady Jane grey to

Answer 32

Guildford dudley - eldest son ( maintain power)

Question 33

why did northumberland's attempted coup d'état fail?

Answer 33

- failed to arrest Mary + keep in custody | - underestimate Mary support

Question 34

what did northumberland do on 14 July

Answer 34

2000 men march to Suffolk but troops desert him

Question 35

where did Mary proclaim herself queen when lady Jane grey was queen

Answer 35

framlingham castle Suffolk

Question 36

what 2 acts did Mary pass

Answer 36

1553 and 1554 - confirm Marys legitimacy

Question 37

who was Wyatt

Answer 37

noble trusted by northumberland - made English representative 1550

Question 38

what religion was Wyatt

Answer 38

protestant but supported Mary until marriage w/ Phillip

Question 39

how many men did Wyatt raise in Kent

Answer 39

3000

Question 40

what did royal troops sent to Wyatt revolt do

Answer 40

desert to rebels

Question 41

how was Wyatt rebellion a success for Mary

Answer 41

defeated by gaining support ppl of land on to close off Wyatt -- Mary refuses to flee capital = courageous

Question 42

what happened December 1554

Answer 42

heresy laws established

Question 43

1555 feb

Answer 43

first protestant burnt at stake - hooper second 5 days later

Question 44

who was executed march 1556

Answer 44

Cranmer

Question 45

what did Gardiner warn of before death

Answer 45

executions would harden opposition to Mary

Question 46

how many religious executions carried out in last 3 years

Answer 46

274

Question 47

what was pole made

Answer 47

December 1555 archbishop Canterbury

Question 48

what did privy council proclamation in 1558 show ?

Answer 48

'Marian repression successes in creating core of English protestants' - anti catholic books + pamphlets of calvinism + lutheranism spread

Question 49

Context Ambassadors:

Answer 49

- loyal to their own country - position of trust from monarch - sent for business - negotiate treaties → find out info from court - credible sources - sent for info + trusted - role models for country - base letters on court gossip → factual info wrong - exaggeration - make info interesting - narrow sighted = don’t leave london → in extravagant part of london + monarch controls places seen - snapshot visit - fleeting tri

Question 50

what aided efficient of council during dispute against Phillip

Answer 50

1555 inner council

Question 51

what triggered clash Gardiner x Paget

Answer 51

revival heresy laws but Gardiner dies 1555

Question 52

John knox text - published so had support

Answer 52

-’the first blast of the trumpet against the monstrous regiment of women’ - John Knox - presbytarian

Question 53

what did Jonn Knox write about female rule

Answer 53

-wrote while in exile - ‘monstrous regiment = unnatural rule’ → argues goes against natural order - weak + foolish

Question 54

what's Salic law

Answer 54

Salic law = law excludes females from dynastic succession - alleged fundamental law french monarchy

Question 55

what's a coup d'état

Answer 55

take power → somerset first coup in henry’s will

Question 56

what's a chronicle

Answer 56

⇒ diary written for someone to read → focuses only on interesting parts and personal bias

Question 57

who was Miles Hogarde

Answer 57

pro gov writer

Question 58

evidence to show that 1553 devise was organised by northumberland

Answer 58

marries son Guildford Dudley to Mary Jane grey

Question 59

BUT disprove evidence to show 1553 devise was organised by northumberland

Answer 59

- professional force dismissed 1552 BUT northumberland would have arranged forces - would have ensured Mary captured ( but Mary in east anglia) - would have launched a propoganda campaign

Question 60

what allowed Mary to be queen

Answer 60

Henry VIII third succession act 1543

Question 61

why can Mary's council be considered weak and ineffective

Answer 61

large council two leading councillors (Paget and Gardiner) support diff suits

Question 62

but why should Mary's council instead be considered effective

Answer 62

1555 inner council streamlined + 1555 death Gardiner allowed pages to form conciliar gov

Question 63

who did Mary refer to when she mistrusted councillors due to factional struggles

Answer 63

Simon reward or cardinal pole

Question 64

who supported Courtenay

Answer 64

gardiner

Question 65

examples of support for Mary at Framlingham castle

Answer 65

Edward Mone tax collector = influential