Mas Et Al Flashcards
(26 cards)
What was the aim of the study by Mas et al. (2010)?
To develop a valid and reliable measure of blood anxiety and blood phobia symptoms for people who speak Spanish as their first language
Mas carried out research to see whether the Bipi could discriminate between those with diagnosed BII and those who are not
They also wanted to investigate whether their blood phobia was one of the dimensional constructs, or whether it was influenced by range of stimuli and responses
Finally, they wanted to identify if the BIP could identify change in people with their phobia as a result of therapy
What was the sample size of the study conducted by Mas et al. (2010)?
39 people with a diagnosis of blood phobia and 135 matched controls
What type of questionnaire did participants complete in the Mas et al. (2010) study?
A questionnaire containing 50 situations relating to agoraphobia, social phobia, and blood-injection phobia
On what scale did participants rate their phobic responses in the study?
A 4-point Likert-style scale
How many items were removed from the initial questionnaire to create the final list for the BIPI?
10 items
What criteria were used to remove items from the BIPI questionnaire?
Items that resulted in no significant difference between the average scores of the phobic group and the control group
True or False: At the time of the study, a questionnaire specifically designed for Spanish speakers with blood phobia existed.
False
What was the final number of items selected to identify people with blood phobia?
18 items
These items were determined to be the most effective in distinguishing individuals with blood phobia from those without.
What was the average age of participants in the study?
24
All participants were from Andalusia in Spain.
What characteristics were matched between the two groups of participants?
Age, marital status, educational level
This matching was done to ensure the groups were comparable.
What tool did the phobic group complete to assess symptoms of various phobias?
Fear Questionnaire (FQ)
Developed by Marks and Mathews in 1979.
What correlation was found between the BIPI score and the blood sub-section of the FQ?
Strong positive correlation
This indicates that higher BIPI scores were associated with higher scores on the blood phobia section of the FQ.
How did individuals with blood phobias score on the BIPI compared to those without a diagnosis?
Significantly higher scores
This suggests that the BIPI is effective in identifying those with blood phobia.
What conclusion was drawn about the scale used in the study?
Reliable and valid measure of blood phobia
This conclusion supports its use in diagnosing the disorder among Spanish speakers.
What was a notable demographic characteristic of the phobic group in the evaluation of Mas et al. (2010)?
More females than males
There were three times as many females as males in the phobic group.
What implication does the gender distribution in the phobic group have on the BIPI?
Better at detecting blood-injection phobia in females
This suggests a potential limitation in the scale’s effectiveness for males.
What is a psychometric test considered valid?
A psychometric test is considered valid when it is:
* useful
* meaningful
* accurate
Validity in psychometric testing ensures that the test measures what it is intended to measure.
What should be considered to determine if a test is valid?
To determine if a test is valid, consider:
* The extent to which it can differentiate between people with a certain disorder and those without it.
* Whether it correlates with scores of a test for the same disorder (concurrent validity).
Differentiation and correlation are key indicators of a test’s validity.
What statistical technique was used in Mas et al. (2010) to select items for the test?
Factor analysis was used to select the final items for the test.
Factor analysis helps in identifying the most useful items by removing those that are least helpful.
What psychological constructs does the BIPI aim to differentiate?
Blood-injury-injection phobia vs. non-phobia
The BIPI aims to clearly discriminate between those diagnosed with the phobia and those who are not.
What was the sample size in the study conducted by Mas et al. (2010)?
39 participants diagnosed with blood-injury-injection phobia
A control group was matched on age and gender.
What other questionnaire did participants complete alongside the BIPI?
Fear Questionnaire (FQ)
The FQ measures agoraphobic fear, social anxiety, and blood-injection-injury phobia.
True or False: The BIPI showed excellent reliability and internal consistency.
True
The BIPI demonstrated good concurrent validity with other measures.
What was a key finding regarding the BIPI after therapy?
Notable reduction in the severity of the phobia
Scores indicated improvement after participants underwent treatment.
