MASLOW

Question 1

Deficiency needs

Answer 1

If these needs are unmet, an individual feels anxious and tense.

Example sentence: A person who does not satisfy safety needs may develop a strong desire to hoard money or property. The hoarding drive is a neurotic need that leads to pathology whether or not it is satisfied.

Question 2

Physiological Needs

Answer 2

These are the most basic human survival needs, including food, water, warmth, and rest. If these needs are not met, the human body cannot function properly and will ultimately fail.

Question 3

Safety Needs

Answer 3

Once physiological needs are satisfied, the need for safety and security becomes prominent. This includes personal and financial security, health and well-being, and safety against accidents/illness.

Question 4

Love and Belongingness Needs

Answer 4

After physiological and safety needs are met, social needs emerge. This includes relationships, friendships, family, and a sense of connection and belonging.

Question 5

Esteem Needs

Answer 5

These are the needs for self-esteem, respect, and recognition. There are two types: (a) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (b) the desire for reputation or respect from others (status, prestige).

Question 6

Aesthetic Needs

Answer 6

At least some people in every culture seem to be motivated by the need for beauty and aesthetically pleasing experiences.

Question 7

Cognitive Needs

Answer 7

(knowledge, understanding) People who have not satisfied their cognitive needs become pathological, a pathology that takes the form of skepticism, disillusionment, and cynicism.

Question 8

Neurotic Needs

Answer 8

Neurotic needs are unproductive. They perpetuate an unhealthy style of life and have no value in the striving for self-actualization.

Question 9

Self-Actualization Needs

Answer 9

This is the need to realize one’s full potential and to become the most that one can be. It involves personal growth, self-improvement, and fulfilling one’s creative potential.

Question 10

Hierarchical Structure

Answer 10

The needs are structured in a hierarchy, where the more basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs can be addressed.

Question 11

Progression

Answer 11

Individuals move up the hierarchy as their lower-level needs are fulfilled. If lower-level needs are unmet, they become the focus.

Question 12

Reversed order of needs

Answer 12

Example: an enthusiastic artist may risk safety and health to complete an important work.

Question 13

Unmotivated Behavior

Answer 13

Some behavior is not caused by needs but by other factors such as conditioned reflexes, maturation, or drugs. Motivation is limited to the striving for the satisfaction of some need.

Question 14

EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

Answer 14

Often unmotivated

Question 15

COPING BEHAVIOR

Answer 15

Always motivated

Question 16

DEPRIVATION OF NEEDS

Answer 16

Leads to some kind of pathology. Deprivation of physiological needs results in malnutrition, fatigue, loss of energy, obsession with sex, and so on.

Question 17

Threats to one’s safety

Answer 17

Lead to fear, insecurity, and dread.

Question 18

When love needs go unfulfilled

Answer 18

A person becomes defensive, overly aggressive, or socially timid. Lack of esteem results in the illnesses of self-doubt, self-depreciation, and lack of confidence.

Question 19

Deprivation of self-actualization needs

Answer 19

Also leads to pathology, or more accurately, metapathology. Maslow (1967) defined metapathology as the absence of values, the lack of fulfillment, and the loss of meaning in life.

Question 20

Criteria for Self-Actualization

Answer 20

1. They were free from psychopathology
2. Self-actualizing people had progressed through the hierarchy of needs.
3. Embracing the B-values.
4. Fulfilled their needs to grow, to develop, and to increasingly become what they were capable of becoming. Full use and exploitation of talents, potentialities, etc.

Question 21

Metamotivation

Answer 21

Characterized by expressive rather than coping behavior and is associated with the B-values. It differentiates self-actualizing people from those who are not.

Question 22

Self-Actualization Characteristics

Answer 22

People who are self-actualized exhibit characteristics such as creativity, problem-solving skills, authenticity, spontaneity, and a lack of prejudice.

Question 23

What is the first characteristic of self-actualized individuals according to Maslow?

Answer 23

Discrimination Between Means and Ends: have clear goals and can distinguish between the means and ends.

Example: Knowing that the journey is just as important as the destination.

Question 24

What is the second characteristic of self-actualized individuals according to Maslow?

Answer 24

Philosophical Sense of Humor: have a thoughtful, philosophical sense of humor that is not hostile or hurtful to others.

Example: Appreciating irony and wit without causing harm.

Question 25

What is the third characteristic of self-actualized individuals according to Maslow?

Answer 25

Creativity: high degree of creativity ## Footnote Example: Expressing original ideas through art, music, or problem-solving.

Question 26

What is the fourth characteristic of self-actualized individuals according to Maslow?

Answer 26

Resistance to Enculturation: resist social pressures when they conflict with their values. They maintain a sense of inner direction and personal standards. ## Footnote Example: Choosing to follow personal beliefs rather than conforming to societal norms.